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DNA Replication
Biology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Translation | process of converting info in mRNA into sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Transcription | process in cell nucleus where enzymes make RNA copy of a DNA strand |
| Double Helix | shape of DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases |
| DNA | the genetic info that determines an organisms traits |
| Protein | |
| Nitrogen Base | carbon ring structure containing 1 or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil |
| Codon | set of nitrogen bases that represents an amino acids |
| DNA Replication | process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis |
| Purine | double ring bases: adenine and guanine |
| Pyrimidine | smaller than purines, they are single ring bases: thymine and cytosine |
| Nucleotide | subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base |
| Semi-Conservative | DNA splits into two; makes new complete set with another half strand; now has half and half old strands |
| RNA | nucleic acid that is single stranded; sugar contained is ribose; contains uracil |
| Chargoff's Rule | Adenine=Thymine Guanine=Cytosine |
| Ribosome | non-membrane bound organelles in the nucleus where enzymes and other proteins are assembled |
| Mutation | any change or random error in a DNA sequence |
| Deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA |
| Ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| Amino Acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules |