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Minerals and Rocks

TermDefinition
Mineral An inorganic, natural, solid with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition.
Crystal Structure The arrangement of molecules in a mineral.
Moh's hardness scale A system that ranks minerals from softest to hardest using 10 minerals. Talc is the softest, and diamond is the hardest.
Luster How a mineral refracts and/or reflects light.
Hardness The resistance of a mineral's ability t be scratched.
Cleavage The tendency of a mineral to break along a flat surface.
Fracture The tendency of a mineral to break not along a flat surface.
Streak The color of a mineral in powder form.
Crystalization The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure.
Solution A mixture in which one material is dissolved into another
Vein A narrow channel or slab of material that is much different than the surrounding rock.
Geode A rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with mineral crystals.
Element A substance containing atoms of the same type. Cannot be broken into a smaller substance.
Compound A substance that is made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined. Can be broken into an element.
Texture The look and feel of a rock's surface.
Fine grained When magma cools quickly, the rock has such a small grain it can only be seen by a microscope
Coarse grained Easy to see, large grain created when magma cools quickly.
Porphyry rock A rock that cools in two stages. Cools slowly at first, the quickly.
Intrusive rock A rock that forms inside the earths surface.
Extrusive rock A rock that forms outside of the earths surface
Compaction Sediments are pressed together in layers.
Erosion Water or wind loosen and carry away fragments of rock.
Cementation Dissolved minerals glue sediments together.
Deposition Sediments settle out of water or wind.
Clastic rock A rock formed of fragments of rock squeezes together.
Chemical rock A sedimentary rock formed by precipitation of solutions.
Organic rock A sedimentary rock formed by sediments of living things.
Sediment Tiny particles of rocks, minerals, and once living things.
Foliated A metamorphic rock with bands, or layers of rocks and minerals.
Non-foliated A metamorphic rock without bands, or layers of rock.
Created by: 1963181268
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