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Anesthesia Lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two advantages of Glycopyrrolate over atropine | Longer duration, Doesn't cross placental barrier, milder effects |
| List 2 drugs used to reverse Hydromorphone and how much they reverse | Naloxone/Narcan-100%, Nalorphine/Nalline-90%, Butorphanol/Torbugesic- partial. |
| Define Hypercarbia. | Too much oxygen in lungs |
| List one type of patient that may be at risk for hypercarbia, hypoxia or atelectasis during anesthesia. | Prolonged anesthesia, obese patients, Neuromuscular blockers, preexisting lung conditions, head trauma, chest/diaphragm surgery |
| Define Hypoxia | Low blood oxygen |
| Define atelectasis | Lung alveoli may partially collapse |
| List one reason for pale MM other than anemia during anesthesia | Feline leukemia, deep plane of anesthesia, blood loss, renal disease, some induction agents |
| List 2 possible side-effects of Hydromorphone | Resp. depression, bradycardia, vomiting, panting, excessive sedation, excitement |
| When using an induction chamber, the concentration of Isoflurane should be between what percents? | 4% and 5% |
| When using an induction chamber, the concentration of Oxygen should be set beween _______ Liters/Min | 3-4 L/min |
| How can you determine when an animal is ready to be removed from the chamber while it is being anesthetized? | If it is unable to stand on its own and is appearing very drowsy. |
| Temperature loss in the patient is greatest in the first _____ Minutes from time of induction | First 20 min |
| Temperature should be monitored every____ minutes | 5 minutes |
| How would hypothermia affect the amount of anesthetic needed | metabolism is slowed down, thus less anesthetic is needed as heat is released and the animal becomes cooler in temperature. |
| Name one precaution you can take to minimize the risk of hypothermia | Use a heating pad during and after procedures, as needed. |
| Does Vasodilation increase or decrease the body temperature? | It decreases body temperature |
| What drug contributes to vasodilation? | Acepromazine |
| What are PVC's | Premature Ventricular contractions |
| What causes PVC's | Hypoxia, barbiturates during anesthesia, cardiac disease, gastric torsion, heart trauma, acid-base and electrolyte disorders |
| What drug is given to reverse PVC's | Intravenous Lidocaine |
| What is the reversal for Xylazine | Yohimbine |
| Why is it important to give this drug slowly during reversal | It prevents excitement by giving it slowly as it reverses anesthesia |
| What is the best ting to do if an anesthetized patient starts to vomit | Lower the animal's head with the endotracheal tube in place |
| What are some adverse effects of Xylazine? | vomiting/emesis, Cyanosis, temporary behavior change |
| What anatomical characteristics of brachycephalic dogs that impede air exchange | elongated soft palette, smaller trachea, small nasal openings |
| What needs to happen during post-op and extubation in brachycephalic patients | Careful monitoring on their ability to breathe, chew, and swallow |
| What does MAC stand for and what does it mean | Minimum alveolar concentration-strength of an inhaled agent (lowest concentration that produces no response in 50% of patients to pain stimuli) |
| Is a high or low MAC more potent | Low MAC is more potent anesthetic |
| Reversal of medetomidine | atipamezole/Antisedan |
| What beneficial effect of medetomidine would be reversed as well? | Analgesia, siezure prevention, |
| What body system is most significantly adversely affected by medetomidine | Cardiovascular |
| Opioids are generally used for what effect (besides sedation) | Analgesia |
| Where is the probe placed on a Doppler blood pressure reading | coccygeal, metacarpal, or metatarsal artery |
| Why are oscillometric blood pressure devices less accurate on small animals? | They have small veins and arteries and very fast pulse in comparison which would be harder to measure accurately |
| How does Butorphanol affect respiration? | It decreases it at hight doses |
| Elimination of Ketamine depends on which organ in the dog and which organ in the cat | Liver-dog Kidneys-Cat |
| List one part of a circle system what would not be included in a non rebreathing system. | No soda lime |
| What is an ideal reading for MAP | 70 mm/Hg and above |
| Which organ is particularly sensitive to drop in MAP | Kidneys |
| Does Pentothal cause both cardiac and respiratory depression? | Yes |
| Which reflexes are still present in stage 2 of anesthetic depth | palpebral, pinnal, jaw tone, pedal, corneal, occular (ALL ARE PRESENT) |
| What can happen if Pentothal is given outside the vein? | Tissue necrosis and Tissue sloughing |
| when would you need to take a dental radiograph | Slab fracture, missing teeth, loose teeth, broken tooth |
| What are the dental film range numbers starting at the smallest | 0-4 |
| Name one reason why anesthetic problems and emergencies arise? | Human error, poor monitoring of symptoms, miscalculation |
| How is Telazol metabolized and excreted? | Metabolized in liver, excreted in kidneys |
| List one disadvantage of Tiletamine with respect to monitoring or patient recovery | Many reflexes are still present, which is a vital way to monitor stages and planes of anesthesia |
| What effect does Isoflurane have on blood pressure? | It lowers blood pressure |
| How is isoflurane excreted from the body? | it's exhaled |
| What topical anesthetic is used when intubating cats and why | Lidocaine- Helps to prevent laryngeal spasms |
| what is mydriasis | pupil dilation |
| Name a drug that causes mydriasis | Atropine |
| Where should a pulse oximeter be placed on an animal to obtain a reading and what is an ideal reading? | On the tongue, anything above 95% |
| Rapid induction of propofol could cause what effect on the body? | Tachycardia |
| List one advantage of a cuffed endotracheal tube | Less gas leakage, controls level of anesthesia better, keeps gesses going in and out of the patient as desired with no excess O2 |
| Pressure should not exceed what in cats and dogs with healthy lungs while bagging | 20 cm of H20 |
| Inhaled agents cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation | Vasodilation |
| Ketamine will increase or decrease the heart rate when used as an anesthetic | increase |
Created by:
punkinmunkinhead
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