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Diabetes
Acute complications
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Insulin Reactions | hypoglycemia below 70 - too much insulin, too little food, or excessive physical activity |
| Insulin Reactions | 15 gram carbohydrate fast acting concentrated source; juice |
| Insulin Reactions | unconscious adults rewquire injection of glucagon 1 mg subcutaneous |
| Glucagon | hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancrease that stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen, the stored insulin |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | may be intial diagnosis of Type 1 |
| DKA | 3 main characteristics - hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss; acidosis |
| DKA | breakdown of fat into free fatty acids and glycerol that are convered into ketons causing metabolic acidosis |
| DKA | 3 main causes - decreased/missed dose of insulin, illness or infection and undiagnosed and untreated diabetes |
| Sick Date rules | take insulin or oral antidiabetic agents as usual; test blood sugar q 3-4 hours; |
| DKA | leads to polyuria; polydipsia, marked fatigue |
| HHS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome) | effects Type 2-resulting from a relative insulin deficiency due to illness |
| HHS | occurs in older adults 50-70 years of age |
| HHS | ketosis AND acidosis do not occur |
| HHS | clinical manifestation hypotension, profound dehydration, tachycardia, altered consciousness, seizure |
| HHS | treatment fluid replacement 0.45 or o.9 normal saline with potassium addition |
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N122-medsurg
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