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5th-Human Body
Vocabulary Practice
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | Qualities of an organism |
| Inherited | Characteristics from parents |
| Likeness | Similar or nearly the same |
| Organism | an individual living system |
| Traits | Distinguishing characteristics |
| Generation | a group of individuals born and living at the same time, such as siblings |
| Parents | animals (including humans) or plants that produce offspring |
| DNA | material in life forms that transfer genetic characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Ball and socket joint | joint that allows twisting and turning; example, hip joint |
| Bones | forms the substance of a skeleton; support the body |
| Cartilage | flexible connective tissue |
| Cranium | skull |
| Femur | longest, largest and strongest bone in the human body; located in the upper leg |
| Fracture | to break or crack |
| Framework | support, i.e. skeleton |
| Gliding joint | joint that allows flat bones to slide over each other; example: foot, wrist |
| Hinge joint | joint that allows movement in a certain spot, like the opening and closing of a door; example: elbow, knee, ankle |
| Humerus | long bone in arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
| Immovable | not able to be moved |
| Joints | place where two bones are joined or united to allow motion |
| Mandible | jaw bone |
| Patella | flat moveable bone in the front of the knee; also known as the knee bone |
| Pelvis | funnel-shaped part of the skeleton supporting lower limbs |
| Phalanges | bones that make up the fingers |
| Radius | bone of the forearm on the thumb side |
| Ribs | bone that support and protect organs such as the heart and lungs |
| Scapula | shoulder blade |
| Skeleton | framework of 206 bones that supports the human body |
| Skull | head bone that protects the brain; also known as the cranium |
| Spine | backbone |
| Sternum | breastbone |
| Tarsals | bones in the feet |
| Tibia | shinbone; located in the lower leg |
| Torso | upper part of the body |
| Ulna | bone of the forearm, located on the side opposite of the thumb |
| Vertebrae | bones in the spine or backbone |
| Bicep | muscle at the front of the upper arm |
| Cardiac Muscle | heart muscle |
| Contract | draw together |
| Endurance | ability or strength to continue or last without becoming tired |
| Exertion | activity of using muscles in various ways to keep fit |
| Extend | to increase in length |
| Flex | to bend |
| Involuntary | muscle controlled without thinking about it, i.e. pumping heart |
| Ligaments | tissues that connect bones, hold organs in place |
| Muscles | tissues that cause motion in the body when contracted |
| Atrophy | to waste away or decrease in size |
| Musculoskeletal | the muscular and skeletal systems |
| Resistance | exercise that involves working your muscles against free weights or your body's own weight (running, walking, push ups) |
| Skeletal Muscle | muscle connected at either end with a bone |
| Smooth Muscle | found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, hair folloes |
| Tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| Tricep | Muscle located at the back of the upper arm |
| Voluntary | muscle whose action is controlled by the person; example: lifting an arm |
| Cell | the basic unit of life |
| Multicellular | composed of many cells |
| Unicellular | single-celled; composed of one cell |
| Tissue | similar cells with a specific function |
| Organ | a part of a system that consists of cells and tissues and is specialized to do a particular task |
| Direct Evidence | evidence you collect yourself |
| Indirect Evidence | evidence you do not collect yourself, but rely on evidence collected by others |
| Fitness | state of being healthy |
| Autonomic Nervous System | system of nerves which control involuntary functions |
| Axon | part of a neuron that takes information away from a cell |
| Brain | controls mental and physical actions; located in the cranium (skull) |
| Brain Stem | part of the brain near the spinal cord; controls reflexes, breathing, and heartbeat |
| Cerebellum | large portion of the brain which controls voluntary motions |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain which controls |
| Dendrites | part of a neuron that brings information to a cell |
| Nerves | bundle of fibers that carry impulses from the brain to other parts of the body |
| Neurons | specialized, impulse-conducting cells which are composed of a cell body, axon, and dendrits |
| Peripheral Nervous System | lies outside the brain and spinal cord and includes nerves to arms, legs, and sense organs |
| Relay | to transmit a signal |
| Spinal Cord | cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal column and protected by the vertebrae of the spine/backbone |
| Spinal Nerve | nerves that start in the spinal cord |
| Stimuli | something that causes an action; example--stimulus: hot stove, response: moving hand away from hot stove |
| Synapse | place where nerve messages are sent and received |
| Blood | circulates in body to sustain life |
| Cholesterol | waxy substance found in animal tissue; too much can lead to heart disease |
| Red Blood Cells | carry oxygen throughout the body |
| White Blood Cells | fight off infections and diseases |
| Platelets | smallest blood cells which form clots if you have an injury such as a cut or scrape |
| Plasma | the watery part of blood that contains protein and suspends blood cells |
| Aerobic Exercise | exercise that increases the need for oxygen |
| Anaerobic Exercise | exercise that builds muscles through tension |
| Aorta | major artery which circulates blood from the heart to all of the body except the lungs |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Atrium | two upper chambers on each side of the heart, receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles |
| Blood Vessels | any of the tubing (arteries, veins, capillaries) through which blood travels and circulates the body |
| Capillaries | smallest of blood vessels |
| Cardiac | relating to the heart |
| Circulation | flowing (such as the flow of blood throughout the body) |
| Heart | an organ consisting of 4 chambers; contracts to pump blood throughout the body |
| Heart Rate | number of beats counted in one minute |
| Pulmonary Artery | transports blood away from the heart to the lungs |
| Pulse | regular throbbing of arteries cause by heart contractions; pulse can often be detected near the wrists or the sides of the neck |
| Veins | blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
| Ventricles | two lower chambers on each side of the heart |
| Air Sac | air-filled spaces in the body |
| Alveoli | very small air sacs; where air breathed in goes |
| Bronchial Tubes | two tubes at the end of the trachea, brings in air from trachea and helps clean lungs; one tube goes to the right lung, the other to the left lung |
| Diaphragm | sheet-like muscle separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; creates a change in air pressure to draw air in and expand the lungs |
| Exhale | to breathe out |
| Inhale | to breathe in |
| Larynx | voice box |
| Lungs | two respiratory organs located in the chest; they are protected by the rib cage |
| Nasal Passages | openings that allow inhaling and exhaling through the nose. Also called Nasal Cavity |
| Pharynx | throat; collects incoming air from the nose and passes air to the trachea |
| Respiration | inhaling and exhaling air; breathing |
| Ribs | bones that protect and support the chest |
| Sinuses | hollow spaces in the bones of the head; warm and moisten air that is inhaled |
| Trachea | windpipe; passage from pharynx to lungs |
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