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Ch 12
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Core | dense center of the earth made of solid and molten ir on and nickel |
| Mantle | the layer of earth that surrounds the core; made of both molten magma and solid rock. |
| Crust | the thin, solid, rocky outermost layer of the earth. |
| Differentiation | the process of Earth materials separating and sorting by density resulting in a layered structure with the densest materials (Fe & NI) settling in the core. |
| TECTONIC PLATE | a large section of the earth’s crust that moves and carries everything on it. |
| HOTSPOT | a stationary, high temperature area of melting within the earth’s mantle that can last for several millions of years where superheated mantle magma rises towards the surface |
| RIFT VALLEY | a long, narrow rip or opening, made by stretching, pulling, or splitting apart of the earth’s crust through which mantle magma reaches the surface adding new crust to edge of a tectonic plates |
| SEAFLOOR SPREADING. | the theory that oceans widen (open up) and continents are pushed apart as new crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges |
| PLATE TECTONICS. | the theory that the earth’s surface is made of large sections of crust that move and interact with each other |
| CONTINENTAL | the theory that the major landmasses on earth were once part large single super continent that broke apart 200 millions years ago. |
| MID OCEAN RIDGE. | a long, underwater mountain range that is split by a rift valley where magma rises and forms new oceanic crust. |
| CONVECTION CURRENT. | the circular flow magma within the molten part of the mantle as it heats up and cools down. |
| SEISMIC WAVE. | a record of the Earth's magnetic or shaking activity produced by the movement of earth’s tectonic plates. |
| PALEOMAGNETISM | a record of the Earth’s magnetic field preserved by the alignment of magnetic minerals in the rocks of earth’s crust at the rocks were formed at mid-ocean ridges. |
| FOCUS | the point inside the earth where rock first. |
| EPICENTER | the point on the earth’s surface directly over the focus of an earthquake |
| RICHTER SCALE | the scale used to measure the magnitude or strength of an earthquake |
| DEFORMATION | the process of physically changing the earth’s crust as a result of tectonic forces |
| VISCOSITY | the ability of a substance to resist flowing |
| FAULT. | a break or fracture in the earth’s crust caused by tectonic forces |
| SEIAM | a scientist that studies the behaviors and characteristics of earthquaker |
| LAG TIME | the amount of time that passes between the arrival of the first P wave and the first |
| MAGNITUDE | a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquaker |
| CONTINENTAL MARGIN | the edges of the continents below sea level that represent the shallowest parts of the ocean |
| PLATE BOUNDARY | an area on the earth’s surface where the edge of tectonic plates are interacting |
| SUBDUCTION | the geologic process by which one tectonic plate is forced down into the mantle under another tectonic plate |
| RING OF FIRE | an area of high subduction activity and frequent volcanic eruption surrounding the Tectonic Plate. |
| GEOTHERMAL ENERGY | a renewable energy source that originates from the earth’s own internal heat |
| TECTONIC FORCES | forces generated from within the earth that result in uplift, move,movement,deformation of the earth’s crust |
| VOLCANIC ARC | an arcing chain of volcanic islands or volcanic mountains forced by the subduction of an oceanic plate into the mantle under another tectonic plate |
Created by:
francisco gonzalez
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