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Genetics
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trait | a genetically determined characteristic |
| Heredity | passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| Gregor Mendel | discovered the principles of heredity while studying pea plants |
| Dominant Trait | trait observed I the first generation when parents with different traits are bred |
| Recessive Trait | appeared in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation |
| Genes | instructions for an inherited trait |
| Alleles | the different forms of genes |
| Phenotype | organism's appearance |
| Genotype | both inherited alleles formed together |
| Purebred/Homozygous | plant with 2 dominant or recessive alleles |
| Hybrid/Heterozygous | plant that has the genotype Pp |
| Probability | mathematical chance that something will happen |
| Punnett Square | chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles |
| Meiosis | process that occurs in sex cells by which chromosomes are reduced by half |
| Selective Breeding | process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents |
| Inbreeding | two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| Hybridization | two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| Cloning | organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| DNA | genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| Genetic Engineering | transfer of a gene from the DNA |