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N112 Antidiabetics

N112 - Oral Antidiabetic Meds for unit 2 test

QuestionAnswer
Sulfonylureas action Stimulates insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas
Sulfonylureas side effects Hypoglycemia, gastric upset, weight gain
Sulfonylureas administration take 30 prior to meals
Meglitinides action increase insulin secretion from pancreas
Meglitinides side effects headache, hypoglycemia, dizziness, weight gain, flu-like symptoms
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors action inhibits glucosidase enzyme (sucrose & amylase) in GI tract, delays digestion of complex carbs & simple sugars, results in delayed glucose absorption
Alpha-flucosidase inhibitors side effects flatulence, cramps, abdominal distention, liver dysfunction
Alpha-flucosidase inhibitors administration take 3 times a day with first bite of each meal
Biguanides often used with sulfonylurease
Biguanides action increases sensitivity of liver & muscles to the actions of insulin, decreased hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, does not increase insulin secretion
Biguanides side effects gastric upset, lactic acidosis – fatigue, muscle pain, SOB & muscle cramps – DOES NOT cause hypoglycemia
Biguanides secretion primarily secreted by kidneys, good kidney function necessary to prevent lactic acidosis, avoid alcohol – increases lactate formation
Biguanides consideration withhold for surgery or procedures requiring iodinated contrast
Thiazolidinediones action decrease insulin resistance by increasing uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle, decrease production of glucose & triglycerides, increases effectiveness of circulating insulin, DOES NOT stimulate insulin secretion
Thiazolidinediones side effects cardiac side effects – fluid retention & weight gain, upper respiratory infection, hepatic (liver) enzyme elevation – monitor enzyme levels, assess for fluid retention
DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase IV) Inhibitor action prolongs the activity of proteins that increase the release of insulin after blood sugar rises (after a meal)
DPP-IV side effects upper respiratory tract infection, sore throat, diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, DOES NOT cause weight gain, assess renal function
DDP-IV administration can take with or without food, usual daily dosing
Created by: jrb265
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