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Biology
DNA and Chromosomes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Bacteriophage | A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium. |
Nucleotide | The small units, or monomers, that make up DNA are called |
Double Helix | Structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA |
Base Paring Rules | A with T and C with G |
Replication | A group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
DNA Polymerase | states that information flows in one direction |
Somatic Cell | body cells. make up most of your body tissue and organs |
Gametes | sex cells. |
Homologous Chromosome | two chromosomes...one from the mom and one form the dad |
Autosome | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
Sex Chromosome | directly control the development of characteristics |
Sexual Reproduction | fusion of two gametes that result in offspring |
Fertilization | actual fusion of an egg and sperm |
Diploid | a cell has two copies of each chromosomes |
Haploid | has only one copy of each chromosome |
Meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells |
Gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
Sperm | the male gamete |
Egg | the female gamete |
Polar Body | other cells produced by meiosis |
Cell cycle | is the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division in eukaryotic cells |
Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
Cytokinesis | is the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
Chromosomes | is one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
Histones | group of proteins |
Chromatin | loose combination of DNA and proteins |
Chromatid | on half of a duplicated chromosome |
Centromere | a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched |