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AP Bio Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autotrophs | Organisms that sustain themselves without eating or decomposing other organisms |
| Heterotrophs | Organisms that sustain themselves by consuming other organisms |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment located in chloroplasts |
| Mesophyll | Tissue in the interior of the leaf |
| Stomata (Stoma) | Microscopic pores in the leaf |
| Light Reactions | First step of photosynthesis, involves turning solar energy into chemical energy |
| Calvin Cycle | Second stage of photosynshesis, involves carbon fixation and needs NADPH and ATP from light reactions |
| NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) | Temporarily stores energized electrons |
| Photophosphorylation | Generation of ATP by powering the addition of a phosphate group to ADP |
| Carbon Fixation | Incorporation of carbon into organic compounds |
| Wavelength | Distance between crests of magnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | The entire range of radiation |
| Visible Light | Between about 380 and 750 nm in wavelength, detectable by the human eye |
| Photons | Discrete particles of light |
| Spectrophometer | Measures ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light |
| Absorption Spectrum | Graph plotting light absorption versus wavelength |
| Chlorophyll A | Main type of chlorophytll in the chloroplast, provides clues for reletive effectiveness for different wavelengths of light for driving photosynthesis |
| Action Spectrum | Profiles the reletive performance of the different wavelengths more accurately than an absorption spectrum |
| Chlorophyll B | Accessory pigment similar to chlorophyll a, has slightly different absorption spetrum and color |
| Carotenoids | Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange |
| Photosystems | Organization of chlorophylls and proteins with other small organic molecules |
| Reaction Center | Where the first light driven reaction of photosynthesis occurs |
| Primary Electron Receptor | Prevents electrons from dropping back into the ground state |
| Photosystem I (P700) | Best absorbs light at 700 nm (red area of spectrum) |
| Photosystem II (P680) | Absorption spectrum peaks at 680 nm (red area of spectrum) |
| Noncyclic Electron Flow | Predominant route for electron flow |
| Noncyclic Phototphosphoration | ATP synthesis during noncyclic electron flow |
| Cyclic Electron Flow | Alternitave path for electron flow |
| Cyclic Photophosphoration | No generation of ATP |
| Gylceralhyde 3-Phosphate (G3P) | The 3-carbon sugar/carbohydrate produced by produced by the Calvin Cycle |
| Rubisco | The most abundant protein in chloroplasts |
| C3 Plants | Plants where the first product of carbon fixation is a three-carbon compound |
| Photorespiration | Consumption of O2 in the light |
| C4 Plants | Plants that preface the Calvin Cycle with an alternitive mode of carbon fixation that forms a four carbon compound |
| Bundle-Sheath Cells | Tightly packed cells around the veins of a leaf |
| Mesophyll cells | Between bundle-sheath cells and the leaf's surface |
| PEP carboxylase | An enzyme that adds CO2 to PEP |
| Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) | Mode of carbon fixation where organic acids are stored in mesophyll until morning |
| CAM plants | Plants that have CAM |
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stophammertime1290
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