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Microbiology 19
Disorders Associated with the Immune System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| xenotransplantation product | A tissue graft from another species; also called xenotransplant. |
| autoimmune disease | Damage to one's own organs due to action of the immune system. |
| immunological surveillance | The body's immune response to cancer. |
| desensitization | The preventionof allergic inflammatory responses. |
| immune complex | A circulating antigen-antibody aggregate capable of fixing complement. |
| basophil | A granulocyte (leukocyte) that readily takes up basic dye and is not phagocytic; has receptors of IgE Fc regions. |
| congenital | Refers to a condition existing at birth; may be inherited or acquired in utero. |
| graft-versus-host (GVH) disease | A condition that occurs when a transplanted tissue has an immune response to the tissue recipient. |
| hyperacute rejection | Very rapid rejection of transplanted tissue, usually in the case of tissue from nonhuman sources. |
| human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex | Human cell surface antigens. |
| privileged site (tissue) | An area of the body (or a tissue) that does not elicite an immune response. |
| hypersensitivity | An altered, enhanced immune reaction leading to pathological changes; also called an allergy. |
| degranulation | The release of contents of secretory granules from mast cells or basophils during anaphylaxis. |
| isograft | A tissue graft from a genetically identical source (i.e., from an identical twin). |
| exon | A region of a eukaryotic chromosome that encodes a protein. |
| prostaglandin | A hormonelike substance that is released by damaged cells, intensifies inflammation. |
| autograft | A tissue graft from one's self. |
| mast cell | A type of cell found throughout the body that contains histamine and other substances that stimulate vasodilation. |
| seroconversion | A change in a person's response to an antigen in a serological test. |
| leukotriene | A substance produced by mast cells and basophils that causes increased permeabilty of blood vessels and helps phagocytes attach to pathogens. |
| systemic anaphylaxis | A hypersensitivity reaction causing vasodilation and resulting in shock; also called anaphylactic shock. |
| acquired immune defiency | The inability, obtained during the life of an individual, to produce specific antibodies or T cells, due to drugs or disease. |
| immune deficiency | The absence of an adequate immune response; may be congenital or acquired. |
| self-tolerance | The ability of an organism to recognize and not make antibodies against self. |
| wheal | A small, buring or itching swelling of the skin, such as that resulting from a skin test or a mosquito bite. |
| ABO blood group system | The classification of red blood cells based on the presence or absense of A and B carbohydrate antigens. |
| immunosuppression | Inhibition of the immune response. |
| localized anaphylaxis | An immediate hypersensity reaction that is restricted to a limited area of skin or mucous membrane; for example, hayfever, a skin rash, or asthma. |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity | Cell-mediated hypersensitivity. |
| immunotherapy | Making use of the immune system to attack tumor cells, either by enhancing the normal immune response or by using toxin-bearing specific antibodies. |
| Rh factor | An antigen on red blood cells of rhesus monkeys and most humans; possession makes the cells RH+ |
| allergen | An antigen that evokes a hypersensitivty response. |
| congenital immune deficiency | The inability, due to an individual's genotype, to produce specific antibodies or T cells. |
| superantigen | An antigen that activates many different T cells, thereby eliciting a large immune response. |
| Rh blood group system | The classification of red blood cells based on the presence or absence of Rh antigens. |
| anaphylaxis | A hypersensitivty reaction involving IgE antibodies, mast cells, basophils. |
| agranulocytosis | Destruction of granulocytic white blood cells. |
| AIDS (acquired immunodefiency syndrome) | An infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which the virus infects CD4 cells. |
| histocompatibility antigen | An antigen on the surface of human cells. |
| histamine | A substance released by tissue cells that causes vasodilation, capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contaction. |
| immunological escape | Resistance of cancer cells to the immune response. |
Created by:
kms
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