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Volcanoes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | A substance containing atoms of the same type. Cannot be broken into a smaller substance. |
| Viscosity | The resistance of movement that a fluid has. |
| Silica | A compound made up of particles oxygen and silicon. |
| Pahoehoe | A hot, fast moving lava that has low viscosity. |
| Aa | A cooler, slow moving lava that has a high viscosity. |
| Compound | A substance that is made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined. Can be broken into an element. |
| Lava | Magma that has escaped onto the earths surface. |
| Magma | Molten rock inside the earths interior. |
| Volcanic Ash | Fine, rocky particles as small as a speck of dust. |
| Crater | A bowl shaped area around a volcano's central vent. |
| Vent | The opening in the volcano where magma escaped. |
| Pipe | The shaft that magma travels up through the magma chamber. |
| Lava flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of the vent. |
| Extinct | A volcano that is unlikely to erupt ever again. |
| Dormant | A volcano that's not active but could erupt in the future. |
| Active | A volcano that is erupting or shows signs of erupting. |
| Magma Chamber | Where magma collects inside a volcano. |
| Caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. |
| Cinder cone volcano | A steep cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders. and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening. |
| Composite volcano | A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials. |
| Batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust, |
| Dike | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers. |
| Geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
| Hot spring | When water is heated from under ground and gathers in a natural pool. |
| Lava Plataeu | A high, level area formed by repeated lava flows. |
| Sill | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock. |
| Subduction | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust. Also a crust of the same kind can sub-duct in certain conditions. |
| Ring of Fire | The are a round the Pacific (plate) where many volcanoes form. |
| Shield Volcano | A gently sloping mountain formed by repeated lava flows. |
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