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A&P ch 14 & 23
A&P chapters 14 & 23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is TSH | Secreted by the Pituitary, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
| What is GH | Growth Hormone |
| What are the major Endocrine glands of the body | Hypothalamus, Pineal, Pituitory, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal or Suprarenal, Pancreas and the Gonads which are the Testes for the male and the ovaries for a female |
| Which gland is responsible for the Biorythym of our bodies? | Pineal |
| A person who hypersecretes GH as a child develops what? | Gigantism |
| A person who hypersecreted GH as an adult after the epiphyseal discs of the long bones have sealed, develops which condition? | Acromegaly |
| Which gland is responsible for T cells which are important for our immune system? | Thymus |
| Where is the Thymus gland located? | Behind the sternum |
| Which gland effects our metabolism? | Thyroid |
| Which gland is below the stomach? | Pancreas |
| Which condition in an adult is caused by hypothyroidism? | Myxedema |
| What hormones does the Pancreas secrete: | insulin and glucagon |
| What is a slowed down metabolic state characterized by a slow heart rate, sluggish peristalsis resulting in constipation, low body temperature, low energy, loss of hair and weight gain? | Myxedema |
| Is graves disease a result of hyper or hypo thyroidism? | Hyperthyroidism |
| The Endocrine works to produce which condition? | Homeostasis |
| What do the adrenal cortex (outer region of the adrenal gland) secrete? | Steroids |
| What do the adrenal cortical steroids regulate? | Sugar, Salt and Sex |
| Which is the only hormone that lowers blood sugar? | Insulin |
| What is the antaganist to insulin and raises blood sugar? | Glucagon |
| What are the hormone secreting cells of the pancrease called? | islets of Langerhans |
| What are the 2 types of cells of the islets of Langerhans? | alpha and beta |
| Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete what? | Insulin |
| Alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete what? | Glucagon |
| What is excess glucose in the blood? | Hyperglycemia |
| What is glucosuria? | Glucose in the urine |
| What is excretion of a large volume of urine? | Polyuria |
| What is excessive thirst? | Polydipsia |
| What is a fruity breath smell a sign of? | Excess of ketoacidosis |
| What is negative feedback? | the bodys way of maintaining homeostasis |
| Whch gland secretes melatonin? | Pineal |
| What do we need for synthesis of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4? | Iodine |
| Calcitonin is secreted by which gland? | Thyroid |
| What does calcitonin regulate? | Blood levels of calcium |
| Parahormone is secreted by which glands? | Parathyroid (wings of the thyroid) |
| What is Hypocalcemia? | Low calcium |
| What causes carpal spasms? | Hypocalcemia |
| What are the 2 regions of the adrenal gland? | Inner medulla and outer cortex |
| Which region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephine? | Adrenal medulla |
| The endocrine system communicates through chemicals called what? | Hormones |
| The endocrine system is controlled by what 3 mechanisms? | Negative feedback, Biorhythms, Central Nervous System |
| 2 other names for the Digestive System | Alimentary Canal, Gastrointestinal Tract |
| What is the process by which food is broken down into smaller particles suitable for absorption? | Digestion |
| What is the movement that pushes the food through the digestive tract from one segment to the next? | Peristalsis |
| What are the organs of the digestive tract? | Gall Bladder, Pancreas and Liver |
| What is stored in the Gall Bladder that helps digest fatty foods? | Bile |
| Which is the body's largest solid internal organ? | Liver |
| Which is the only organ of the body that can regenerate itself? | Liver |
| Where does the digestive process begin? | Mouth |
| Another word for chewing | Mastication |
| Another word for swallowing | Deglatition |
| Another name for baby teeth | Deciduous |
| the 1st part of the small intestine | Duodenum (10 in) |
| the send part of the small intestine | Jejunum (8ft) |
| the third part of the small intestine | Ileum |
| Which part of the small intesting joins the cecum of the large intestine? | Ileum (12 ft) |
| The cecum, colon and rectum are part of the what? | Large intestine |
| Another name for large intestine | Bowel |
| The ascending colon is part of the large or small intestine? | Large |
| The place where the small intestine meets the large intestine? | ileocecal valve |
| Route through large intestine | Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum and anus |
| What are the 4 functions of the digestive system? | Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination |
| What is bolus? | the ball-like mass that is molded and pushed by the tongue toward the pharynx |
| What is the food tube? | Esophagus |
| Name the 2 esopahagael sphinchters | pharyngoesophageal sphincter located at the top of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter at the base of the esophagus |
| Name the major regions of the stomach | Fundus, Body and Pyloris |
| Which structure allows the stomach to expand? | Rugae |
| What is one of the major functions of the liver? | Detoxify drugs |
| If the Pyloric Sphinchter is not working properly what can this cause? | Pyloric Stenosis or Projectile Vomiting |
| The pastelike mixture created in the stomach is called what? | Chyme |
| Where are the lacteals and chyle found | In the Villi |
| What is inflammation of the pouches in the lining of the intestinal wall? | Diverticulitis |
| What is Chrohns disease | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| What is an inflammation of the pancreas. | Pancreatitis |
| What is the greenish yellow secretion produced by theliver and stored in the gall bladder? | Bile |
| The structure that drains blood from the organs of digestion and carries it to the liver? | Portal vein |
| Where is glycogen stored in the body? | In the liver |
| Which are the fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E and K |
| What is fat soluble? | A nutrient that is stored in the body for a while |
| What is water soluble? | A nutrient that is not stored so you need by food or supplement |
| What is the master gland of the endocrine system | Pituitary |
| What is the pituitary gland attached to in the brain? | They hypothalmus |
| Cortex means | outside |
| Medula means | middle |
| Epinephrine and noriphinephrine are classified as what? | Catecholamines |
| Catecholamines are produced where? | The adrenal medula |
| What is the mineral necessary for efficient functioning of the thyroid | Iodine |
| Parathyroid hormone is secreted by which gland | Thyroid |
| Which is the sphincter that allows the food to enter the stomach from the esophagus | Lower esophageal |
| What works with lycase to break down fat | Bile |
| Portal hypertension causes what condition | Esophageal pharysis |
| GERD is most related to which symptom | Indigestion |
Created by:
bsmymicareo
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