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A&P ch 14 & 23
A&P chapters 14 & 23
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is TSH | Secreted by the Pituitary, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
What is GH | Growth Hormone |
What are the major Endocrine glands of the body | Hypothalamus, Pineal, Pituitory, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal or Suprarenal, Pancreas and the Gonads which are the Testes for the male and the ovaries for a female |
Which gland is responsible for the Biorythym of our bodies? | Pineal |
A person who hypersecretes GH as a child develops what? | Gigantism |
A person who hypersecreted GH as an adult after the epiphyseal discs of the long bones have sealed, develops which condition? | Acromegaly |
Which gland is responsible for T cells which are important for our immune system? | Thymus |
Where is the Thymus gland located? | Behind the sternum |
Which gland effects our metabolism? | Thyroid |
Which gland is below the stomach? | Pancreas |
Which condition in an adult is caused by hypothyroidism? | Myxedema |
What hormones does the Pancreas secrete: | insulin and glucagon |
What is a slowed down metabolic state characterized by a slow heart rate, sluggish peristalsis resulting in constipation, low body temperature, low energy, loss of hair and weight gain? | Myxedema |
Is graves disease a result of hyper or hypo thyroidism? | Hyperthyroidism |
The Endocrine works to produce which condition? | Homeostasis |
What do the adrenal cortex (outer region of the adrenal gland) secrete? | Steroids |
What do the adrenal cortical steroids regulate? | Sugar, Salt and Sex |
Which is the only hormone that lowers blood sugar? | Insulin |
What is the antaganist to insulin and raises blood sugar? | Glucagon |
What are the hormone secreting cells of the pancrease called? | islets of Langerhans |
What are the 2 types of cells of the islets of Langerhans? | alpha and beta |
Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete what? | Insulin |
Alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete what? | Glucagon |
What is excess glucose in the blood? | Hyperglycemia |
What is glucosuria? | Glucose in the urine |
What is excretion of a large volume of urine? | Polyuria |
What is excessive thirst? | Polydipsia |
What is a fruity breath smell a sign of? | Excess of ketoacidosis |
What is negative feedback? | the bodys way of maintaining homeostasis |
Whch gland secretes melatonin? | Pineal |
What do we need for synthesis of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4? | Iodine |
Calcitonin is secreted by which gland? | Thyroid |
What does calcitonin regulate? | Blood levels of calcium |
Parahormone is secreted by which glands? | Parathyroid (wings of the thyroid) |
What is Hypocalcemia? | Low calcium |
What causes carpal spasms? | Hypocalcemia |
What are the 2 regions of the adrenal gland? | Inner medulla and outer cortex |
Which region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephine? | Adrenal medulla |
The endocrine system communicates through chemicals called what? | Hormones |
The endocrine system is controlled by what 3 mechanisms? | Negative feedback, Biorhythms, Central Nervous System |
2 other names for the Digestive System | Alimentary Canal, Gastrointestinal Tract |
What is the process by which food is broken down into smaller particles suitable for absorption? | Digestion |
What is the movement that pushes the food through the digestive tract from one segment to the next? | Peristalsis |
What are the organs of the digestive tract? | Gall Bladder, Pancreas and Liver |
What is stored in the Gall Bladder that helps digest fatty foods? | Bile |
Which is the body's largest solid internal organ? | Liver |
Which is the only organ of the body that can regenerate itself? | Liver |
Where does the digestive process begin? | Mouth |
Another word for chewing | Mastication |
Another word for swallowing | Deglatition |
Another name for baby teeth | Deciduous |
the 1st part of the small intestine | Duodenum (10 in) |
the send part of the small intestine | Jejunum (8ft) |
the third part of the small intestine | Ileum |
Which part of the small intesting joins the cecum of the large intestine? | Ileum (12 ft) |
The cecum, colon and rectum are part of the what? | Large intestine |
Another name for large intestine | Bowel |
The ascending colon is part of the large or small intestine? | Large |
The place where the small intestine meets the large intestine? | ileocecal valve |
Route through large intestine | Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum and anus |
What are the 4 functions of the digestive system? | Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination |
What is bolus? | the ball-like mass that is molded and pushed by the tongue toward the pharynx |
What is the food tube? | Esophagus |
Name the 2 esopahagael sphinchters | pharyngoesophageal sphincter located at the top of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter at the base of the esophagus |
Name the major regions of the stomach | Fundus, Body and Pyloris |
Which structure allows the stomach to expand? | Rugae |
What is one of the major functions of the liver? | Detoxify drugs |
If the Pyloric Sphinchter is not working properly what can this cause? | Pyloric Stenosis or Projectile Vomiting |
The pastelike mixture created in the stomach is called what? | Chyme |
Where are the lacteals and chyle found | In the Villi |
What is inflammation of the pouches in the lining of the intestinal wall? | Diverticulitis |
What is Chrohns disease | Inflammatory bowel disease |
What is an inflammation of the pancreas. | Pancreatitis |
What is the greenish yellow secretion produced by theliver and stored in the gall bladder? | Bile |
The structure that drains blood from the organs of digestion and carries it to the liver? | Portal vein |
Where is glycogen stored in the body? | In the liver |
Which are the fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E and K |
What is fat soluble? | A nutrient that is stored in the body for a while |
What is water soluble? | A nutrient that is not stored so you need by food or supplement |
What is the master gland of the endocrine system | Pituitary |
What is the pituitary gland attached to in the brain? | They hypothalmus |
Cortex means | outside |
Medula means | middle |
Epinephrine and noriphinephrine are classified as what? | Catecholamines |
Catecholamines are produced where? | The adrenal medula |
What is the mineral necessary for efficient functioning of the thyroid | Iodine |
Parathyroid hormone is secreted by which gland | Thyroid |
Which is the sphincter that allows the food to enter the stomach from the esophagus | Lower esophageal |
What works with lycase to break down fat | Bile |
Portal hypertension causes what condition | Esophageal pharysis |
GERD is most related to which symptom | Indigestion |