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Genetics Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| Genetics | The genetic properties or features of an organism |
| Dominant trait | A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it |
| Recessive trait | A trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring |
| Gene | A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| Allele | One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| Phenotype | The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment |
| Homozygous | A pair of matching alleles |
| Heterozygous | A pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive |
| Punnet square | A diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
| Incomplete dominance | A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele |
| Codominance | A relationship between two versions of a gene |
| Polygenic inheritance | Multiple variations of a gene |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes |
| Nucleotide | A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA |
| Replication | The action of copying or reproducing something |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA |
| Transcription | The action or process of transcribing something |
| Translation | The process of moving something from one place to another |
| Mutation | The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA |
Created by:
Curtis2013
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