Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Immunology
Step 1 prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene segments whose random rearrangement play a role in light chain idiotype of the antibody molecule | V & J (It's V, D & J for the heavy chain) |
| Mechanism that allows a B cell to attach either a μ or a δ constant domain to a idiotype, without having undergone class-switching | alternative splicing |
| The enzyme Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (Tdt) randomly inserts bases at V, D and J junctions. It is seen when B cell in process of rearranging gene segments for heavy chain synthesis. What you DON'T expect to see in a cell with active Tdt? | light chains |
| What are the two types of light chains you can find in an antibody? | κ & λ |
| Interleukin that stimulates production of lymphocytes in BM | IL-7 |
| Molecule used as signal transduction complex by T cell receptors | CD3 |
| What 4 molecules form the B cell signal transduction complex? | Ig-α, Ig-β, CD19 and CD21 |
| Interleukin responsible for mobilization of myeloid cells from BM | IL3 |
| Types of MHC class I molecules? | HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C |
| Types of MHC class II surface molecules? | HLA-DQ, HLA-DR and HLA-DP |
| Stage of development of a B-cell that shows CD19, CD20 but no μ chains in cytoplasm | Pro-B |
| What genes must be expressed by lymphocytes to be able to make DNA rearrangements? | rag1 and rag2 |
| Stage of development of a B-cell that shows CD19, CD20, μ chains in cytoplasm but no surface Ig and still has Tdt activity | Pre-B |
| Stage of development of a B-cell that shows surface IgM but no IgD | Immature B cell |
| Where do you expect to see T cells with neither CD4 nor CD8 | BM (or prethymic in blood) |
| Where do you expect to find CD4+, CD8+ T cells? | Thymic cortex |
| Where in the lymph node do you find T-cells? | Paracortex |
| What condition predisposes patients to blood-borne pathogens? | Splenectomy |
| What molecules on lymphocyte surface interact with HEV's addressins to enter lymph nodes? | L-selectins |
| This is the first place seen by an Antigen once entering the lymph node | Subcapsular sinus |
| Lymph nodes' cortical follicles are aggregates of what cell type? | B- cells |
| What do you call the structure of the lymph node where clonal division of activated B-cells happens? | Germinal center |
| What cells mainly populate the lymph node medulla? | Plasma cells and macrophages |
| Cells contained in spleen's periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) | T- cells |
| Areas of the spleen rich in B-cells | Follicles and B-cell corona outside T-cell area |
| What are the two oxygen dependent mechanisms of IC digestion? | NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase |
| What enzyme is deficient in Chronic Granulomatous Disease? What bacteria infect these patients and why? | NADPH oxidase - catalase positive (degrade available H2O2 that could be used by myeloperoxidase to form hypochlorite and kill them) |
| Test used to diagnose CGD and what does a positive test mean? | Nitroblue tetrazolium, positive= normal patient (negative=disease) |
| What is one of the most common mechanisms through which drugs cause immune responses? | hapten-carrier immune response where the drug acts as hapten |
| Genetic immunodeficiency in which immune cells cannot migrate to sites of inflammation | LAD deficiency (Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency or CD18 deficiency) |
| Cytokine responsible for macrophage activation | IFNγ |
| How do Superantigens work? | By activating T-cells in the absence of antigen-specific recognition (cross-link TCR with MHC-II molecules in the absence of antigen recognition) |
| Type of lepra that is most severe and mycobacteria themselves cause damage, it is a TH2 response that is ineffective to stop the illness and is accompanied by hypergammaglobulinemia | lepromatous |
| Type of lepra that is less severe and an TH1 response stimulates granuloma formation which damages tissue | tuberculous |
| Th cell associated with humoral immunity | Th2 |
| Type of T cell that produces IL2, IFNγ and TNFβ | TH1 |
| Type of immune cell that once activated produce IL1, IL6, TNFα, IFNγ and GM-CSF and are prominent in granulomas | Macrophages |
| Cell that produces IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13, and TGFβ | TH2 |
Created by:
nelagomez
Popular USMLE sets