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Biology Chapter 4

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) High-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use.
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP.
Chemosynthesis Process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light.
Photosynthesis Process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon-dioxide and water.
Chlorophyll Light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms.
Thylakoid Membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Light-dependent reactions Part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions.
Light-independent reactions Part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates.
Photosystem Series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons.
ATP Synthase Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
Calvin Cycle Process by which a photosynthetic organisms uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2.
Cellular respiration Process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present.
Aerobic Process that requires oxygen to occur.
Glycolysis Anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced.
Anaerobic Process that does not require oxygen to occur.
Krebs Cycle Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain.
Fermentation Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis.
Lactic Acid Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.
Created by: osubuckeye1012
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