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Biology Chap 3

vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Cell Theory Theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.
Cytoplasm Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.
Organelle Membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.
Prokaryotic Cell Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cell Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Cytoskeleton Network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell.
Nucleus Organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins.
Ribosome Organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins.
Golgi Apparatus Stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins.
Vesicle Small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm.
Mitochondrion Bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.
Vacuole Organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by he cell.
Lysosome Organelle that contains enzymes.
Centriole Small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids in mitosis.
Cell Wall A rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
Choloroplast Organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll.
Cell Membrane Double layer of phospholipids that form a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials in and out of a cell.
Phospholipid Molecule that forms a double-layer cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids.
Fluid Mosaic Model Model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.
Selective Permeability Conditions or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane.
Receptor Protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response.
Passive Transport Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell.
Diffusion Movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Concentration Gradient Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.
Osmosis Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
Isotonic Solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.
Hypertonic Solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.
Hypotonic Solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.
Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane.
Active Transport Energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Endocytosis Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle.
Exocytosis Release of substances out of cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
Created by: osubuckeye1012
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