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SOHO
SOPN A&P Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| space between an axon ending of 1 neuron and the dendrites of another | synapse |
| the functioning unit of the nervous system | neuron |
| the Central Nervous System contains | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| conduct impulses to the cell body of the neuron | dendrites |
| the neurons that carry impulses from the receptors to the Central Nervous System | sensory neurons |
| carry impulses from the Central Nervous System to "effectors" which allow muscles to contract or glands to secrete | Motor neurons aka efferent neurons |
| a neuron between 2 other neurons in a neural pathway. They lie entirely within the CNS - (brain and spinal cord), and carry impulses entirely within the CNS. | Interneurons |
| nerve responsible for the sense of smell | Cranial Nerve - olfactory |
| the study of body structure | anatomy |
| organic compounds contain: | CARBON, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| group of tissues arranged percisely to perform a specific function | Organs |
| group of organs that all contribute to a particular function | Organ System |
| Connect, support, sometimes transport, and/or store material | connective tissue |
| muscle returns to its own legnth after contraction or extension | contractibility |
| all the chemical reactions and physical processes taking place within the body | metabolism |
| involves the process of anabolism and catabolism; always in a state of change | metabolism |
| ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable metabolism, a healthy state despite constant internal and external enviromental changes | homeostasis |
| the membrane that line the cranial and vertebral cavities covering the brain and spinal cord | meninges |
| three parts of an atom | proton, neutron, & electron |
| center of a nucleus - positive charge | proton |
| nucleus of an atom - no charge | neutron |
| orbits the nucleus - negative charge | electron |
| the ability of the atom to connect to other atoms to form molecules | bond |
| the loss of one or more electrons by one atom and the GAIN BY ANOTHER ATOM *weakened in H2O | ionic bond |
| sharing of electrons between atoms *VERY STRONG not weakened in water | covalent bond |
| parts of hydrogen = a scale measuring acidity and alkalinity (basicity) | pH |
| a solution with the same number of hydrogen ions (H+) as hydroxyl ions (OH-) | pH of 7 |
| a solution with the more H+ tha OH- = | acidic |
| a solution with more OH- than H+ = | basic |
| Body's primary source of energy / main food used by the body | glucose |
| the diffusion of water ONLY through a selectively permeable membrane. H2O will move from an area with more water present to an area with less water. | Osmosis |
| phinocytosis - a stationary cell engulfing something is an example of what..... | active transport |
| a cell placed in a hypertonic solution will | shrink |
| the tough waterproof layer of epidermis (skin)found in hair and nails as well | keratin |
| contains the root of the hair and its covering | hair follicle |
| secrete sebum an oily substance that prevents drying of the skin and hair | sebacious gland |
| a fibrous connective tissue membrane with collagen fibers COVERING THE BONE | periosteum |
| two types of bone tissue | compact and spongy |
| weight bearing bones would have what type of bone. | Compact Bone |
| makes bone hard | calcium |
| bones of wrist and ankle | short bones |
| RIBS, shoulder blades, hip and cranial bones | flat bones |
| vertbrae and facial bones | irregular bones |
| differs from bone in that it contains LESS MINERALS AND NO BLOOD VESSELS | cartilage |
| joint surfaces have a nice smooth surface as the bones are covered with.... | articular cartilage |
| bones of the jaw | 2 maxilla (upper jaw)1 mandible (only moveable bone in the body) |
| joint fluid that prevents friction and provides lubrication for smooth movements | Synovial Fluid |
| visceral or smooth muscle are what type of muscle group | involuntary muscle |
| muscles are attatched to bone via | tendons |
| bones are attached to bones via | ligaments |
| covers muscle and holds it in place | fascia |
| the tension in muscle remains the same BUT the length of the muscle changes | isotonic contraction |
| muscle that guards the passageways of the body generally circular in nature. | sphincter |
| major muscle of the buttocks, trunk, butt, posterior, rump, ashbarrel, ect...... | gluteus maximus |
| what is needed for the production of prothrombin (clotting factor) | Vitamin K |
| As repair of damaged tissue begins, the clot is dissolved this process is called | fibrionlysis |
| Clotting factors like prothrombin and fibrinogen are synthesized in the..... | liver |
| liquid minus the blood cells. Prepared by centrifuging uncoagulated blood | plasma |
| the pale yellow liquid left after a clot forms. The liquid minus the clottin elements | serum |
| Refers to the type of antigens present on the red blood cell membranes | Blood type |
| If the RH factor is present on the red blood cell then the blood is classified as being... | RH positive |
| chambers of the heart | 2 Atria (upper chambers)2 Ventricles (lower part of the heart) |
| Uses the aorta and pumps blood to the whole body. Largest and thickest in the body | Left Ventricle |
| Outer layer that covers the heart | pericardium |
| loose fitting sac covering the heart | fibrous |
| (serous fluid) membrane that lines and prevents friction as the heart beats | parietal pericardium |
| surface of the heart muscle | visceral pericardium akaepicardium (serous fluid) |
| carry DEOXYGENATED BLOOD | veins |
| carry OXYGENATED BLOOD | arteries |
| pumps blood through to the pulmonary artery and to the lungs | Right Ventricle |
| pacemaker of the heart - sets the basic pace for the rate. Responsible for the contraction of the Atria | SA NODE |
| List impulse path of the heart beat | SA Node * AV Node * Bundle of His * Purkinje fibers |
| responsible for contracting the ventricles, the conduction system of the heart | Purkinje Fibers |
| runs along the clavicle bone | Subclavin Vein |
| Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. It is a thin, moist, slippery membrane that consists of parietal and visceral layers | Peritoneum |
| lines abdominal cavity | parietal peritoneum |
| covering which adheres to the surface of each abdominal organ (mesentery) | visceral peritoneum |
| space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum | peritoneal space |
| breaks down starch (any kind) | pitalyn |
| covering the crown of the tooth and is the hardest substance in the body | enamel |
| forms the bulk of the tooth, resembles bone in structure | dentin |
| bone like structure that covers the dentin of the tooth root | cementum |
| Warms and moistens the air as it enters the body | Nasal Cavities |
| tiny air sacs in the lungs | alveoli |
| controls the diaphragm | phrenic nerve |
| major muscle that helps us breathe | diaphragm |
| Diaphragm moves down as you | inhale |
| diaphragm moves up as you | exhale |
| hypoxia or a low oxygen rate / high carbon dioxide rate will cause you to | increase breathing rate |
| lungs exchange gasses through the process of | diffusion |
| if the veins have a high PCO2 level but a low O2 level....this stimulus causes ? | diffusion of gasses |
| System has no ducts DUCKFREE ZONE.....no quackers here | endocrine system |
| System has ducts | exocrine system |
| Master Gland - located in teh cranial cavity | Pituitary Gland |
| accelerates amino acid transport into cells, promotes both body and cellular growth | Growth Hormone (GH) akaSomatropin (STH) |
| what helps to determine metabolic rate | Thyroid Gland |
| secreted by the thyroid glanddecreases reabsorption of calcium and phosphates from blood to bone | calcitonin |
| secreted by the parathyroid glandincreases reabsorption of calcium and phosphates from blood to bone | parathyroid hormone |
| Posterior Pituitary Gland produces what chemicals | ADH and Calcitonin |
| What increases milk Pro-duction *not* release | Prolactin |
| Substance important for daily regulation of cell respiration and heat production | Thyroxin |
| stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth | oxytocin |
| secreted by posterior pituitary gland and made by the hypothalamus | ADH |
| indirectly affects water reabsorption | aldosterone |
| what is the stimulus to secrete calcitonin | hypercalcemia |
| Helps control blood glucose levels in the blood...........located in the pancreas | Isles of Langerhans akaisland of leiderhosen |
| hormones produced by the ovaries | estrogen and progesterone |
| progesterone secreted by the ovaries AS WELL AS | Corpus Lutuem |
| Functional unit of the kidney | nephron |
| what substance is originally formed from blood plasma | urine |
| cluster of capillaries where filtration of urine takes place | Glomerulus |
| enables the tubules to add substances to the filtrate to be excreted | tubular secretion |
| not usually found in urine but may be found occassionally due to a poorly controlled medical condition | glucose |
| May contain sodium, potassium, urea, and even some electrolytes | urine |
| Follow the path of urine rafting trip from hell! | Urine enters Bomans capsule proximal convoluted tubule decending loop of henle ascending loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting tubule |
| In the female the urethra is what to the vagina | ANTERIOR |
| urea, uric acid, and creatinine are found in urine as the result of | protein metabolism |
| blood type with A antigens but anti-B | type A |
| blood type with B antigens but anti-A | type B |
| blood type with both A & B antigens and no antibodies at all | type AB |
| blood type with neither A nor B antigens and both antibodies to A and B | OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOh! |
Created by:
Beezle
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