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Forensics Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| trial judge | the "gatekeeper" that determines the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence |
| criminal and civil laws | forensic science is the application of science to what? |
| gender of victim | the rate of cooling of a dead body will never be influenced by what? |
| arson | bite marks would be least likely to be found in cases involving what? |
| toxicology unit | which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons? |
| Galton | who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification? |
| teeth | forensic odontology refers to the study of what? |
| Locard | who came up with the exchange of evidence principle? |
| increase in drug-related arrests, Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s, staggering increase in crime rates in the US, advent of DNA profiling | what can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs in the last 25 years? |
| Lattes | who devised a technique for determining the blood group of dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations? |
| 1-1 1/2 degrees F per hour | post mortem interval |
| rigor mortis | stiffness of death |
| formal degree in forensic science | an expert witness is not required to have what? |
| Orfilia | father of forensic toxicology |
| FBI | which entity maintains the largest crime lab in the world? |
| fingerprint analysis | what would not be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab? |
| Doyle | the fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by whom? |
| matching teeth to a bitemark | what is not part of forensic anthropology |
| analyze evidence and serve as an expert witness | two major duties of a forensic scientist in a crime lab |
| US postal inspection service | which federal crime lab is responsible for document analysis |
| Alabama dept of forensic sciences, auburn | what is the crime lab system currently operating in the state of Alabama, and where are the headquarters located? |
| DEA | the federal crime lab responsible for the analysis of drugs seized in violation of federal laws regulating the production, sale and transportation of drugs |
| Bureau of Alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives | federal agency that has responsibility for examining weapons, explosive devices, and related evidence received in conjunction with enforcement of the Gun Control Act of 1968 |
| pathologist | determines cause and manner of death |
| odontologist | identifies people from their teeth |
| anthropologist | analyzes bone fragments |
| psychiatrist | determines competency to stand trial |
| engineer | determines causes and origins of fires and explosions |
| entomologist | studies the relation of insects to criminal investigation |
| Fourth | the removal of any evidence from a person or from the crime scene must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the constitution? |
| secure the scene | the first officer arriving at a crime scene, after providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects, should immediately do what? |
| photographs, sketches, and note taking | the most basic methods of crime scene recording |
| packaged in air tight glass jar | charred debris from an arson scene should be |
| depict injuries and weapons at scene | if the crime scene includes a dead body, the photographer should |
| hepatitis B and AIDS | the presence of blood and semen at crime scenes exposes investigators to what? |
| in the process of a legal arrest | the police are not required to obtain a search warrant if they are |
| produce a finished crime scene sketch | CAD programs enhance the ability to |
| permit comparisons to be made with the evidence | the collection of standard reference samples at the crime scene is important bc they |
| at the scene of the crime | note taking is done |
| zone | which crime scene search pattern is most appropriate for a crime committed indoors? |
| sketch of the suspects | a rough sketch does not need to include what? |
| to retain complete control of evidence at all times | the purpose of documenting chain of custody of evidence is what? |
| grid, line, zone, and spiral | search methods of a scene |
| chain of custody | list of people in possession of an item of evidence |
| corpus delicti | body of crime |
| first responder | police officer responding to a 911 call |
| modus operandi | offender's pattern of operation |
| druggist fold | method for packaging powder or fiber |
| physical evidence | hair, blood, glass, soil, paint |
| buccal swab | swab of inner portion of cheek |
| substrate control | uncontaminated surface material near physical evidence |
| standard sample | physical evidence of known origin for comparison |
| linkage theory | method of solving crime by matching a suspect to physical evidence |
| the standard reference sample does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene | physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if |
| lab results obtained by the criminalists working on the case, input from medical examiner, accounts given by witnesses and supsects, the story told by evidence recovered at crime scene | crime scene reconstruction requires the piecing together of what? |
| dental impressions | forensic databases are not maintained for what? |
| trial judge | crime scene reconstruction does not involve who? |
| exonerate an innocent suspect | evidence having class characteristics can |
| whether or not they have a common origin | a comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining what? |
| identification | determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of what process? |
| CODIS | the computerized database used to store DNA information |
| individualized | evidence that is shown to be derived from a unique source |
| probability | frequency of occurrence of an event |
| the jury | who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence in a trial? |
| product rule | multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring genetic markers to obtain an overall frequency of occurrence for a genetic profile |
| liter | basic unit for volume |
| float | if an object is immersed in a liquid of greater density, it will do what? |
| the side and rear windows of autos manufactured in US | tempered glass is used where? |
| density | flotation is a method used by scientists to determine the ______ of a particle of glass |
| is wider on the exit side | when a bullet penetrates a panel of glass, it leaves a crater-shaped hole that |
| comparison of dried soil sample for color and texture | what is the logical first step in soil analysis? |
| fitting the pieces together like a puzzle | which property is useful in determining the individual characteristics of a sample of glass? |
| laminated glass | this type of glass is strengthened by sandwiching a layer of plastic between two pieces of soda-lime glass |
| glass | an amorphous solid composed of silicon oxides mixed with various metal oxides |
| mineral | naturally occurring crystalline solid |
| soil | any disintegrated surface material, both natural and artificial that lies on or near the earth's surface |
| density-gradient tubes | technique frequently used to compare soils |
| refraction | the bending of a light wave as it passes from one medium to another |
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