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Volcanoes/ Earthquak
General Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Law of Inertia (Newton's 1st Law) | An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force OR an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force |
| Real Life examples of Inertia | *dishes on a tablecloth *billiards *car braking |
| Action - Reaction (Newton's 3rd Law) | for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Examples of action - reaction | *space shuttle *gun firing *bike or car tire goes one way, car goes in the oppostie direction |
| Force | any push or pull (examples: gravity and friction) |
| Pressure | force acting on a given area; more force = more pressure |
| What causes earthquakes? | pressure being released inside the earth |
| How does an earthquake happen? | pressure is built up as a result of forces on rocks underground |
| Elastic limit | the amount of pressure an object can withstans and still return to its original shape (think of a rubberband) If the elastic limit is passed, it breaks, sending vibrations through the earth = earthquake occurs |
| Fault | A fracture in the earth where rock movement occursfound at the surface as well as deep below the surface |
| Normal Fault | Tension causes it.....means the rocks are pulling apart (know drawing in notes)...movement is up/down |
| Reverse Fault | (reverse of a normal fault) Compression causes it....rocks are push or "press" together..movement is up/down |
| Strike-slip Fault | Shearing of the rock (like scissors). The rocks slide past each other...no up/down. movement is side to side |
| Compression wave | matter is squeezed together; think of an accordian |
| Transverse wave | matter that moves at right angles to the direction the wave is moving; think of a heart monitor or seismograph |
| seismic waves | waves generated by earthquakes |
| focus of earthquake | point inside the earth where seismic waves start |
| primary seismic waves | compression waves; travel faster and arrive first |
| secondary seismic waves | (aftershocks); transverse waves; travel slower and arrive second; do more damage |
| epicenter | point on the earth's SURFACE directly above the focus |
| surface waves | waves generated when seismic waves reach the surface;move slower than primary and secondary waves;cause the greatest damage (like ripples on water) |
| What happens when lava cools? | cools around th event, creating different shapes |
| Calm Eruption | thin magma, lamost water-like; magma is released gently out of a vent; oozes |
| violent eruption | very thick magma; magma clogs the vent creating a buildup of pressure; sudden release of magma |
| shield volcano | gentle slope; formed from hot, thin lava; no violent eruptions; lava erupts out of more than one vent |
| cinder cone volacno | ash and cooled lava form a steep cone, lava from one vent, violent eruption |
| Composite Cone volcano | steep-sided towering mountains; alternating gentle and eviolent eruptions, formed from hardened lava, flowing lava, and ash |
Created by:
weavergina
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