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Mid-Term Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Chemistry | The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. |
| Physical Property | A Characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
| Chemical Property | A Characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. |
| Element | A Pure substance that cannot be broken down. |
| Atom | The basic particle from which all elements are made |
| Molecule | Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| Compound | A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. |
| Chemical Formula | Shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms. |
| Mixture | Made of two or more substances |
| Solution | An example of a homogeneous mixture. It does not have to be a liquid. |
| Weight | A measure of the force of gravity on you. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in the object |
| ISU (International System of Units) | The system the measure units. |
| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies. |
| Density | Relates the mass of an object to a given volume. |
| Physical Change | Any change that alters that form or appearance of matter but does not make any substance in the matter into a different substance. |
| Chemical Change | A change in matter that produces one or more new sustances. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | The fact that no matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change. |
| Energy | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| Temperature | A measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter. |
| Thermal Energy | The total energy of all particles in an object. |
| Endothermic and Exothermic Change | Where energy is taken in/released out. |
| Kinetic and Potential Energy | Energy of motion/Energy of an object in position. |
| Solid | Has a definite shape and a definite volume. |
| Liquid | Has a definate volume but no shape of its own |
| Fluid | meaning "a substance that flows" |
| Gas | Has no definite volume or shape. |
| Melting and Melting Point | THe change from a solid to a liquid/ the point at which melting occurs. |
| Freezing | THe change from a liquid to a solid |
| Vaporization | Takes place when the particles in a liquid gain energyto form a gas. |
| Evaporation | Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid. |
| Boiling And Boiling Point | The change from a liquid to a gas/ The temperature at which liquid boils. |
| Sublimation | Occurs when the surface of particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. |
| Pressure | The force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container. |
| Boyle's and Charles' Law | When the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature inn increased the volume of the gas decreases./When the temperature of a gas is increased at a constant pressure, its volume increases. |
| Graph | A diagram that tells how two variables, or factors that change, are related. |
| Directly Proportional | When a graph of two or variables is a straight line passing through the origin. |
| Vary Inversely | When the graph of two variables form a curve. |
| Origin | (0,0) on a graph. |
| Nucleus | is the very small center core of an atom. |
| Proton | has a positive electric charge. (+) |
| Electron | move rapidly around the nucleus and have a negative charge.(-) |
| Atomic Number | THe number of protons in a nucleus. |
| Mass Number | THe sum of the protons and nuetrons in the nucleus. |
| Atomic Mass | The average mass of all isotopes of that element. |
| Periodic Table and Chemical Symbol | Indentifies the properties of each element./ contains one or two letters indentifying the element. |
| Period | THe horizontal row on the periodic table. |
| Group | The vertical rows on a periodic table. |
| Metal | Have physical properties such as shininess, malleability, ductility, ans conductivity. |
| Reactivity | The ease and speed in which chemical react. |
| Conductivity | THe ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object. |
| Corrosion | THe desruction of metal |
| Particle Accelerator | Move atomic nuclei faster and faster until they have reached high speeds. |
| Diatomic Molecule | consists of two atoms. |
| Semiconductor | substances that can conduct electricity under conditions but not under other conditions. |
| Plasma | State of matter consists of a gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of electrons. |
| Nuclear Fusion | A process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process. |
| Supernova | A huge explosion that breaks apart a massive star, producing temperatures up to 1 billion degress C. |
| Alloy | A mixture made of two or more elements that has properties of metal. |
| Cell Theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
| Diffusion | the main method in which small molecules move across the cell membrane. |
| Osmosis | The special case of diffusion only found in water. |
| Mitochondria | Are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell ca use to carry out its function. |
| Ribosomes | Function as the factoies to produce cells. |
| Nucleus | The "brain" of the cell. |
| Cell Membrane | controls what substances come into and out of the cell. |
Created by:
KRcolbert
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