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Earth Struct. Proc.
Science Volcanoes and Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Instrument that records seismic waves | Seismograph |
| Seismic sea wave; becomes more dangerous as it gets closer to shore and can be very destructive | Tsunami |
| The point inside earth where movement from an earthquake first occurs | Focus |
| Vibrations caused by rocks breaking and moving as a result of a sudden release of energy | Earthquake |
| The point on earths surface located directly above the earthquake focus | Epicenter |
| Type of seismic wave that travels fastest through rock material by causing rocks to vibrate in same direction as the waves | P-Waves |
| Type of seismic wave that travels slowest and causes most of the destruction | Surface Waves |
| Type of seismic wave that moves through rocks by causing rocks to vibrate at right angles to the direction of the waves | Secondary Wave |
| A building able to stand up against an earthquake is considered... | Seismic Safe |
| Fault created by rocks pulled apart | Normal Fault |
| Fault created when rocks are sheared | Strike-Slip Fault |
| Type of fault created when rocks are compressed | Reverse Fault |
| Moderate to violent eruptions throwing volcanic ash, cinders, and lava into air; small cone formed by tephra; Ex. Sunset Crater, Flagstaff, Arizona | Cinder Cone Volcano |
| Largest type of volcano; buildup of balastic layers form broad volcano with gently sloping sides | Shield Volcano |
| Sometimes erupts violently, forming tephra, sometimes smaller forming lava layer; forms along subduction zones; Mnt. St. Helens, Washington; Steep sided mountain composed of alternating layers of tephra and lava | Composite Volcano |
| Hot, glowing rock on cushions of hot gases | Pyroclastic Flow |
| Often accompany eruptions, can be brought on by heavy rain | Mudflows |
| Magma when it reaches earth's surface | Lava |
| Thick and more resistant to flow | Lava Rich in Silica |
| Flows easily | Lava Rich in Iron and Magnesium |
| Ash, cinders, solidified lava | Tephra |
| Broken into sections, or plates. When they move, could collide, slide past, or move apart. Cause vibrations | Lithosphere |
| Fractures that serve as passageways for magma from mantle. Eruptions expected there are fissure eruptions | Rifts |
| Basalt and sediment move into mantle. Water from sediment and basalt lowers melting point of rocks. Heat in mantle causes part of plate and mantle to melt. Melted material forms volcanoes. Sinks beneath less dense plate | Convergent Boundary and How Volcanoes Form |
| Form along rift zones, hot spots, or subduction zones. | Volcano Formation Locations |
| Occur mostly on well known belts. Greater percentage at Ring of Fire. Happen as a result of plates moving | Earthquakes |
| Mechanism for plate motion, which produces conditions that cause volcanoes and earthquakes. | Convection Theory of Plate Movement |
| Plates slide past one another | Transform Boundary |
| One plate sinks beneath another | Convergent Boundary |
| Plates pull apart | Divergent Boundary |
| Scale used to measure magnitide | Richter Scale |
| Scale to measure intensity and damage to structures | Mercalli Scale |
| As rocks strain, potential energy builds up. Energy is released by rocks breaking and moving | Elastic Rebound |
Created by:
cbor5912
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