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Science Mid-Term Wed
MidTerm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science is the body of knowledge as well as a way of doing what? | Learning about the natural world |
| What is the scientific skill you are using when you see that the sky is cloudy? | You are using the scientific skill of observation |
| When you make an interpretation based on observation and prior knowledge, you are making what? | You are making an inference |
| What is a controlled experiment designed to test? | The hypothesis |
| What is the factor that a scientist changes during a controlled experiment? | The manipulated variable |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space is called? | Matter |
| What does it mean to say that energy is needed to cause change? | Energy is involved in any change |
| What are some examples?(Based on previous problem; energy causing change) | Pounding a nail; water boiling |
| What is an example of a physical property? | ODOR, TASTE,(HARDNESS<---On test) |
| What is a type of matter which consists of two or more substances that are all chemically combined? | A compound. (Chemically Combined Compound)CCC |
| What is the name for substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances? | An element |
| In chemistry, what are elements represented by? | Symbols |
| List examples of a physical change | -Molding clay -Chopping wood -Bending copper wire -Ice melting -Ripping paper |
| What is the name for the type of energy that is related to the motion or position of matter? | Mechanical energy |
| The measurement of the force of gravity on an object is the object's? | Weight. |
| The measurement of how much matter an object contains is its? | Mass |
| What is the SI unit for mass? | Kilogram |
| What is the measurement of the amount of mass contained in a given volume known as? | It is known as density |
| How do you calculate the density of an object? | Density = Mass/Volume |
| Calculate the density of a block of wood with a volume of 50 cubic centimeters and a mass of 100 grams. | 2g/cm^3 2(grams)per cubic centimeter |
| According to Dalton's theory of atoms, what can be said about all atoms of any given element? | All the atoms in the element, are exactly alike |
| Some atoms bond together to form a single unit called a? | Molecule |
| What hold atoms together in a molecule? | A chemical bond |
| The definition of a solid.. | A solid has a definite volume and a definite shape |
| What is the state of matter that undergoes changes in volume most easily? | The gaseous state |
| What is the term which describes the resistance of liquid to flowing? | The term is viscosity |
| What is the state of matter where particles are packed tightly together in fixed positions? | Solid |
| How are the particles of a liquid arranged? | Free to move within a container but remain in close contact with each other |
| In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them? | In the gaseous state |
| The amount of space that a gas takes up is its? | Volume |
| The force of outward push of a gas divided by the area of the walls of the container is the gas's? | Pressure |
| According to Boyle's law, when pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, its volume? | Decreases |
| The greater the speed of gas particles in a container, the greater the? | Pressure |
| When the temperature of a gas decreases at a constant volume, what happens to the pressure? | It decreases |
| On a long trip, a truck's tire can become hot, how does this affect the tires pressure? | It increases |
| According to Charles's law, when the temperature of a gas increases at a constant pressure, what else increases? | The volume does |
| List examples of a chemical change | -Souring of milk -Burning wood |
| Living cells contain sugar that they use for fuel. What kind of energy does this sugar contain? | Chemical energy |
| When an inflated balloon is exposed to cold air what happens to it? | Its volume decreases |
| If a gas in an expandable container is heated, the volume of the gas will do what? | Increase |
| A graph of Charles's law shows the relationship between what two variables? | Temperature and volume of a gas |
| A graph that shows the volume of a gas in direct proportion to its temperature under constant pressure demonstrates what law? | Charles's law |
| A graph of Boyle's law shows the relationship between what two variables? | Volume and pressure of a gas |
| A graph shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume under constant temperature demonstrates what law? | Boyle's law |
| Data plotted on a graph results in a line that slopes upward from left to right. This graph tells you what about the two variables? | That as one variable increases another increase as well |
| The energy a substance has from the movement of its particles is called? | Thermal energy |
| How does thermal energy always flow? | From a warmer substance to a cooler substance |
| In what state of matter would a substance have the least thermal energy? | In the solid state |
| Ice melts as a result of thermal energy flowing from what to what? | Surroundings to the ice |
| What is the term which describes a liquid changing into a solid? | Freezing |
| When a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid state, the change is described as? | Sublimation |
| What is vaporization? | The change from a liquid to a gas |
| During the time it takes for an entire sample of a substance to change from a solid to a liquid, what happens to the temperature of the substance? | It stays the same |
| Why does water boil at a lower temperature at higher altitudes? | Air pressure is lower |
| What is the process involving a gas changing into a liquid? | Condensation |
| Which is not a characteristic that all living things share? | Cellular organization |
| What is the most abundant chemical found in living cells? | Water |
| A change in an organism's surroundings that causes it to react is called a? | Stimulus |
| How did the experiments of Redi and Pasteur affect the idea of spontaneous generation | They showed that living things do not arise from non-living things |
| An organism's structure is? | The way it is made |
| What is the source of energy for most autotrophs? | The sun |
| What do all living things need to survive? | Water (is one of them) |
| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of stable internal conditions |
| The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about? | Cells |
| What is the function of a cell wall? | To protect and support the cell |
| What is the function of a cell membrane? | Controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| What is chromatin and where is it? | Thin strands of genetic material that is located in the nucleus of a cell |
| What is the organelle that produces most of the energy needed by the cell? | Mitochondria |
| What is the organelle that produces proteins in the cell? | Ribosomes |
| What is the organelle that releases chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones? | Lysosomes |
| How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? | It does not contain a nucleus |
| Specialized cells are found only in what kind of organisms? | Many-celled organisms |
| What is taxonomy? | The scientific study of how living things are classified |
| Why do scientists organize living things into groups? | So that they're easier to study |
| What is binomial nomenclature? | Naming system where each organism is given a two part name. (Genus & Species name) |
| What does an organism's scientific name consist of? | Genus name and a species name |
| What do biologists NOT USE to classify organisms? | Age |
| The more closely related two organisms are, the more similar they are in their? | DNA |
| Which is the broadest classification level? | Kingdom |
| True/False : The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more closely related they are. | True |
| Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multi-cellular organisms? | Protists (<---ON TEST) and Fungi |
| What shapes best describe bacterial cells? | Rod-like, spherical, and spiral |
| What structures are found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells? | Genetic material |
| What process results in genetically different bacteria? | Conjugation |
| When do endospores form? | When there are harsh environmental conditions |
| Choose one : Like animals, animal-like protists are prokaryotic or eukaryotic | Eukaryotic |
| What characteristics do algae share? | They are all autotrophic |
| What do the spores that fungus-like protists produce become? | New organisms |
| What characteristics do fungi share? | They use spores to reproduce |
| Where would fungi NOT thrive? | Polar icecap |
| On what does the appearance of a multicellular fungus depend? | On how hyphae are arranged |
| What is NOT a characteristic of plants? | Hyphae |
| What do plants use to transport materials to their cells? | Vascular tissue |
| What controls the movement of gases into and out of a leaf? | Endospores |
| The stored food that the embryo uses to grow and develop is found in what structure? | Cotyledon |
| What are the parts of a seed? | Embryo,stored food, and cotyledon |
| In one stage of a plant's life cycle, the plant produces | Spores |
| Once an egg is fertilized, it is called a(n)? | Zygote |
| Gymnosperms produce reproductive structures called? | Cones |
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