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CBio 2-3 Exam Rev

CP Bio CH 2-3 biochemistry exam review

QuestionAnswer
what is the different between matter and mass matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass is the quantity of matter an object has.
what 2 subatomic particles can be found in the nucleus? protons and neutrons
where are electrons found? in the electron cloud
what are valence electrons? electrons in the outer cloud level
what is the charge on a proton, neutron, and electron? protons are +, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are -
what is an isotope? an version of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons (different mass)
what is an ion? a version of an element with the same number of protons and neutrons but that has gained or lost electrons
which 2 subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom? protons and neutrons
what is a compound? when 2 or more elements combine chemically in specific proportions. ex; water is H20
what is a covalent bond? a bond between a nonmetal and a nonmetal where electrons are shared
what is an ionic bond? a bond between a metal and a nonmetal where electrons are given/taken away
the elements on the left hand side of the --> in a chemical reaction are called the .... reactants
the elements on the right hand side of the --> in a chemical reaction are called the... products
what is activation energy? the amount of energy needed to change reactants into products
what is a catalyst anything that speeds up a chemical reaction - like an enzme
in a redox reaction- oxidation refers to when a reactant ____ an electron loses
in a redox reaction- reduction refers to when a reactant _____ an electron gains
what does it mean to say that water is polar? the oxygen has a slightly negative charge (because it pulls on the electrons in the bond more) than the hydrogens which have slightly positive charge.
what kind of bond holds 1 water molecule together (between the H and the O) covalent bond
what kind of bonds hold 1 water molecule to another water molecule? hydrogen bond
what does it mean to say that water is a universal solvent? water dissolves lots of different substances
water is polar thus it can only dissolve _____ molecules polar (remember: "like dissolves like")
what is a hydrogen bond? the bond between the positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the negative oxygen of another water molecule
what is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? cohesion is when water sticks to water and adhesion is when water sticks to another substance
what is capillary action? when water is both cohesion and adhesive and thus will move up a narrow tube (occurs in plants)
how does water moderate temperatures during the day the ocean absorbs the sun's heat (without changing its own temperature very much) which leaves the air cooler. Then at night the ocean cools off and releases heat which warms the air.
what is evaporative cooling? when water evaporates and takes heat with it (sweating)
which is more dense- ice or water? water- that means the less dense ice will float on liquid water
what is surface tension when water sticks to water at the surface of a liquid- allows some bugs and lizards to "walk on water"
what is the difference between a solute and a solvent? a solute gets dissolved while the solvent does the dissolving
water breaks down into which two ions? H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide)
when there are a lot of H+ ions in solution then the substance is a(n).... acid
when there are a lot of OH- ions in solution then the substance is (a).... base
on the pH scale - 0 - 7 is an acid
on the pH scale 7-14 is a base
what is a buffer a chemical that neutralizes a substance. Bases neutralize acids for example tums (bases) will make your stomach feel better (it neutralizes over productive stomach acid)
Created by: ruth.baker
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