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Earth Test Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | gooey layer of the earth under the lithosphere which allows plates to slip across. |
| Inner Core | Solid nickel and iron core inside the earth with highest temperature and density. |
| Outer Core | Liquid nickel and iron outside the inner core. |
| Crust | Outer solid layer of the earth consisting of basaltic ocean crust and granite continental crust. |
| Lithosphere | Solid outer most part of earth consisting of the crust and part of the mantle. |
| Mantle | Liquid layer between the crust and outer core that is responsible for convection currents within the earth. |
| Convergent boundaries | colliding plate boundaries |
| Divergent boundaries | separating plate boundaries |
| Transform boundaries | sliding past each other plate boundaries |
| Earthquakes | a sudden and violent shaking of the ground as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
| Island Arc | a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench. |
| Ocean Trench | a long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean floor, typically one running parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone |
| Mid-Oceanic Ridge | an underwater mountain system that consists of various mountain ranges, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine, formed by plate tectonics |
| Rift Valley | a steep valley caused by two separating plates typically seen along an ocean ridge. |
| Sea-Floor Spreading | the formation of new areas of oceanic crust occurring along divergent boundaries where magma rises to the surface. |
| Subduction Layer | More dense layer that slides under over-riding layer at a convergent boundary. |
| Over-riding Layer | less dense layer that remains on top of subduction layer. |
| Volcanoes | a mountain where lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are erupting from the earth's crust. |
| Geysers | a hot spring in which water intermittently boils, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air. |
| Hot Springs | a spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by underground volcanic activity |
| Oceanic Vents | a vent of heated water coming from deep within the earth and typically found along plate boundaries. |
| Hot Spot | a place away from plate boundary where a thermal plume rises from the mantle creating a volcanic chain. |
| Ring of Fire | zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the Pacific Plate. |
| Alfred Wegner | the originator of the theory of continental drift |
| Theory of Continental Drift | Theory stating that continents are not stationary, but move across the Earth's surface. |
| Theory of Plate Tectonics | theory that the outer rigid layer of the earth (the lithosphere) is divided into a couple of dozen "plates" that move around across the earth's surface relative to each other, like slabs of ice on a lake. |
| Pangaea | Theoretical super continent that existed 250 million years ago |
| Seismic Waves | Wave produced by an earthquake |
| Primary Waves | first wave to arrive at a seismograph capable of traveling through liquid and solid. |
| Compression Waves | back and forth motion wave (P Wave) |
| Longitudinal Wave | up and down motion wave (S wave) |
| Secondary Waves | second wave to arrive after an earthquake but can only travel through solids |
| Surface Waves | slowest wave after an earthquake with a tumbling motion |
| Convection Currents | movement of heat where cooler more dense material falls and warmer less dense material rises |
| Density | amount of mass in a given volume |
| Richter scale | a numerical scale expressing the size of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph movement |
| Triangulation | using the timing separation of P and S waves from three different earthquake monitoring stations to determine earthquake location. |
| Epicenter | the point on the earth's surface directly above the location of an earthquake |
| Focus | the location deep within the earth where an earthquake actually begins |
Created by:
sdscience6
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