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CBio Ecology ExamRev
Ecology Exam Review #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of the interaction of living organisms with each other and with their physical environment is called | ecology |
| what is a niche? | the role it plays in the environment. For example- its trophic level, the humidity and temperature it prefers,its number of chromosomes, when it reproduces |
| Organisms that manufacture organic nutrients for an ecosystem are called | producer (autotroph) |
| Organisms that have to eat nutrients to survive are called | consumers (heterotrophs) |
| What process do producers deep in the ocean (no sunlight) do to manufacture nutrients? | chemosynthesis |
| What is an abiotic factor? | anything nonliving. ex: temperature, salinity, humidity, pH ... |
| about how much energy is passed from one tropic level to the next in an energy pyramid? | 10% |
| can plants and animals use nitrogen in the air to grow? | no- it must be fixed by bacteria into nitrates/nitrites first |
| why do farmers rotate their crops? | only some crops (like soybeans) have bacteria that fix nitrogen. They have to grow things like soybeans every few years so that the soil has enough nitrogen. |
| The maximum amount of organisms of a particular species that an environment can support at one time is known as the... | carrying capacity |
| If a deer in a forest is classified as a herbivore, then the cougar that eats the deer is classified as a(n) ____________________. | carnivore |
| Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the two processes that form the basis of the biogeochemical cycle known as the ____________________ cycle. | carbon |
| what is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship? | a relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| what is a commensalistic symbiotic relationship? | a relationship in which one organisms benefits and the other is not affected |
| what is a parasitic symbiotic relationship? | a relationship in which one organisms benefits and the other is harmed. |
| what is a density-dependent population factor? | anything that affects a population but that is not related to the size of the population ( natural disasters like floods) |
| why is inbreeding potentially harmful? | it reduces a populations genetic diversity |
| how many people are living on this Earth? | over 7 billion |
| what kind of population growth occurs quickly and doesn't reach carrying capacity? | exponential ("j" shaped graph) |
| what kind of population growth occurs quickly at first but then levels off at carrying capacity? | logistic growth ("s" shaped graph) |
| what is carrying capacity? | the number of organisms that an environment can support at any given time |
| what kind of growth does the human population represent? | exponential |
| what is competitive exclusion? | if two organisms occupy the same niche then one will out compete the other |
| what is a keystone species? | a species that has a critical impact on its environment. Without a keystone species another populations may grow out of control greatly reduce the biodiversity. |
| name some keystone species- and explain why they are keystone species | sea stars- prevent mussels from out competing everything wolves- prevent deer from eating all the vegetation which is food for a variety of other organisms (remember the video "wolves changed the rivers"?) jaguar- eat a variety of different prey |
| the closer an ecosystem is to the equator the __________ the species richness | greater |
| what is primary succession? | succession that occurs when land has to rebuild from rock (no soil was left behind). Ex: volcanic eruption |
| what is secondary succession? | succession that occurs when land has to rebuild from soil. ex: floods/fires/earthquakes |
| what is interspecific competition? | different species compete ex: lions and hyenas compete for the same food source |
| what is intraspecific competition? | members within the same species compete ex: two males fight for a mate |
| a group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called | community |
| an ecosystem consists of the _______ and ______ factors in an environment | living and nonliving |
| what is mimicry? | when one organisms mimics (or copies) another. Batesian- a harmless copies a harmful, or mullerian- two harmful organisms look similar |
| what is a biome? | a major ecosystem that occurs over a wide area of land |
| which biome does ohio belong in? | temperate deciduous forest |
| which biome is dominated by coniferous trees has long winters and short summers? | tiaga |
| which biome has permafrost? | tundra |
| what is the photic zone of the ocean? | the area of the ocean where sunlight can reach |
| what is the aphotic zone of the ocean? | the area of the ocean where sunlight cannot reach- this ecosystem relies on chemosynthesis |
| what is chemosynthesis? | when organisms (deep under the ocean) use chemicals to make food instead of sunlight. the chemicals come from hydrothermal vents |
| if a lake is eutrophic what does that mean? (lake st mary's had this problem a few years ago) | too many nutrients (organic matter) got into the water and it caused algae to take over which left no oxygen for the fish. |
| if a lake is oligotrophic what does that mean? | the lake has very little nutrients and thus does not support much organic matter |
| what does the word organic mean? | it means that the substance came from something that was once living (and that it contains carbon) |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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