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Bio Ecology Exam Rev
Ecology Exam Review #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ______ includes the top portion of the Earth’s crust, all the waters that cover Earth’s surface, and the surrounding atmosphere. | biosphere |
| A ____ refers to all the populations in an ecosystem | community |
| A _____ consists of all the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species. | population |
| A ____ is anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population | limiting factor |
| ___ obtain energy by eating other organisms | heterotrophs or consumers |
| Plant eaters, like deer and rabbits, are called _______. | herbivores |
| Meat eaters, like tigers and frogs, are called _______. | carnivore |
| _______ break down once-living matter into simple energy-rich substances | decomposers |
| _______ obtain energy by converting sunlight into chemical energy. | autotrophs or producers |
| living features in the environment are _______ factors. | biotic |
| nonliving features in the environment are _________ factors | abiotic |
| Where a species lives. | habitat |
| the role a species plays in its environment | niche |
| when both organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefit | mutualism |
| when one organism in a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is unaffected | commensalism |
| when one organism in a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is harmed | parasitism |
| rapid population growth that hasn't hit carrying capacity (such as human population growth) is called ______ | exponential growth |
| when population growth grows quickly, hits carrying capacity and levels off it is called _____ | logistic growth |
| what is bigger a population or a community? | community |
| all the living organisms and nonliving features of an environment | ecosystem |
| Can plants and animals use nitrogen from the air to grow? | NO- the nitrogen has to be fixed into another form first |
| about how much energy is transferred to the next level up in a food chain? | 10% |
| how do humans affect the carbon cycle? | by burning fossil fuels (lets off CO2), and destroying forests (takes away plants that would get rid of CO2 |
| when water leaves from plant leaves and goes into the atmosphere it is called ___________(part of the water cycle) | transpiration |
| when water changes from a gas to a liquid this is known as ______________ (part of the water cycle) | condensation |
| what gas does the process of photosynthesis release into the air? | oxygen |
| what gas does the process of photosynthesis take out of the air? | carbon dioxide |
| what gas does the process of cellular respiration released into the air? | carbon dioxide |
| what gas the does the process of cellular respiration take out of the air? | oxygen |
| every step in a food chain is called a ____________ level. | trophic |
| what kinds of organisms can fix nitrogen into a form that plants can use to grow? | bacteria in the roots of certain plants like peas and clover |
| what process is done deep underwater where bacteria use chemicals (not sunlight) to produce their own food? | chemosynthesis |
| Organisms that thrive deep underwater by doing chemosynthesis can be found living near underwater volcanoes called | hydrothermal vents |
| when land changes gradually over time this is known as | succession |
| the first species to come to an area are known as | pioneer species |
| the type of succession that starts from rock (no soil) is known as _______________ succession | primary |
| the type of succession that occurs when soil is still left behind after a disaster (like a forest fire) is known as ___________ succession | secondary |
| what is the ecosystem called where salt water meets fresh water? | estuary |
| which biome does ohio belong in? | temperate deciduous forest |
| what are the 4 important factors that affect water ecosystems? | amount of sunlight, water temperature, amount of dissolved salt and oxygen within the water |
| what are the 2 important factors that affect land biomes? | temperature and precipitation (otherwise known as climate) |
| what is the most biodiverse land biome in the world? | tropical rainforest |
| which biome is known for frozen soil called permafrost? | tundra |
| which biome is known for having lots of coniferous trees? | tiaga |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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