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weathering & soil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the soil horizon that contains humus | A HORIZON |
| a soil mixture of equal parts of sand, silt & clay | LOAM |
| the type of weathering that changes the size & shape of the rock | MECHANICAL (PHYSICAL) |
| a mixture of particles of weathered rock & organic matter | SOIL |
| the process that results in the breaking down of rock | WEATHERING |
| the basic material (ingredient) for soil formation | BEDROCK (or PARENT ROCK) (or R HORIZON) |
| the agent(s) that can weather rock BOTH chemically & physically | PLANTS & WATER |
| the two main features of climate | TEMPERATURE & MOISTURE (HUMIDITY/PRECIPITATION) |
| the climate in which chemical weathering is the most rapid (fastest) | HOT, WET CLIMATE |
| a ___ rock has many tiny, connected spaces (pores) | PERMEABLE |
| these two agents of physical weathering are the primary causes of mechanical weathering due to their prevalence (prevalence means they are active all over the world) | WATER & WIND |
| the breaking down of rock due to the scratching & grinding action of rock particles carried by water, wind & ice | ABRASION |
| animals that move rock & soil underground (burrowing) are agents of ___ weathering | MECHANICAL (PHYSICAL) |
| the property of soil that describes the ability of soil to support plant growth | SOIL FERTILITY |
| without a layer of topsoil, this horizon cannot form | B HORIZON (SUBSOIL) |
| does every soil profile contain every soil horizon? | NO |
| the type of weathering that results in changes to the mineral composition of the rock | CHEMICAL |
| water, warm daytime temperatures & freezing nighttime temperatures produce which agent of weathering? | ICE WEDGING |
| the best protection against soil loss due to erosion is ___ | VEGETATION |
| T/F: A ROCK THAT IS PERMEABLE WEATHERS FASTER THAN AN IMPERMEABLE ROCK | TRUE |
| T/F: A ROCK AT THE BASE OF A MOUNTAIN WEATHERS SLOWER THAN A ROCK AT THE TOP OF A HIGH ELEVATION MOUNTAIN | FALSE |
| T/F: A ROCK IN A COLD, DRY CLIMATE WEATHERS FASTER THAN A ROCK IN A COLD, WET CLIMATE | FALSE |
| T/F: A SOFT ROCK WEATHERS FASTER THAN A HARD ROCK | TRUE |
| T/F: A ROCK IN A WARM, WET CLIMATE WEATHERS FASTER THAN A ROCK IN A COLD, WET CLIMATE | TRUE |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: OXYGEN IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: WIND IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | MECHANICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: CARBON DIOXIDE IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: ACIDS IN PLANT ROOTS ARE AGENTS OF ___ WEATHERING | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: FREEZING & THAWING IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | MECHANICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: ICE WEDGING IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | MECHANICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: BURNING FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCES AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: ABRASION IS AN AGENT OF ___ WEATHERING | MECHANICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: WHEN WATER DISSOLVES ROCK, ___ WEATHERING OCCURS | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: WHEN THE IRON IN ROCK REACTS WITH WATER & OXYGEN, ___ WEATHERING OCCURS | CHEMICAL |
| MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL: WHEN TREE ROOTS GROW INTO ROCK, ___ WEATHERING OCCURS | MECHANICAL |
| COMPLETE THE ANALOGY: MUDSLIDE IS TO LANDSLIDE AS ___ IS TO FREEZING & THAWING | ICE WEDGING |
| the dark brown, nutrient-rich component of soil produced by decayed organic matter | HUMUS |
| the horizon composed only of partly weathered rock | C HORIZON |
| the first step in soil formation | WEATHERING ROCK |
| the last horizon to form | B HORIZON |
| the soil horizon that supports plant life/growth | A HORIZON |
| the horizon containing both inorganic & organic soil components | A HORIZON |
| because they break down organic matter, fungi, bacteria, insects & worms are called ___ | DECOMPOSERS |
| increasing the amount of humus in soil will increase this property of soil | FERTILITY |
| the process in which natural forces move rock and sediment | EROSION |
| the process that results in the formation of soil | WEATHERING |
| the agent of chemical weathering produced by the burning of fossil fuels | ACID RAIN |
| without ___, soil cannot form | BEDROCK (or PARENT ROCK) (or the R HORIZON) |
| ___ is the smallest-sized soil particle | CLAY |
| the soil particle size that is smaller than gravel but larger than silt | SAND |
| the soil particle size that is larger than clay but smaller than sand | SILT |
| the process that results when the moving water, wind or glacier that is carrying sediment slows down | DEPOSITION |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: humus | ORGANIC |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: minerals | INORGANIC |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: water | INORGANIC |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: coal | ORGANIC |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: rock | ROCKS ARE MIXTURES - THEY CAN CONTAIN ORGANIC MATERIAL OR THEY CAN BE INORGANIC! (mostly, they're inorganic) |
| ORGANIC or INORGANIC: soil | SOILS ARE MIXTURES - THEY CAN CONTAIN ORGANIC MATERIAL OR THEY CAN BE COMPLETELY INORGANIC! |
| property the describes the amount of different-sized particles a soil contains | SOIL TEXTURE |
| in addition to weathered rock & humus, healthy soil contains ___ and ___ | AIR & WATER |
Created by:
cgottlieb
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