Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
nutrition
ch 7 = vitamins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A (6 functions) | vision, normal cell development, maintenance of epithelial tissue, immune function, bone growth, reproduction |
| Vitamin A (deficiency) | mild causes night blindness, chronic causes impaired epithelial cells and keratin accumulation, xerosis in the cornea, xeropthalmia (blindness caused by dry cornea) |
| Vitamin A (toxicity) | liver damage, fetal malformations |
| Beta-Carotene (function) | Vitamin A precursor |
| Beta-Carotene (deficiency) | macular degeneration (age-related blindness due to loss of function of part of the retina) |
| What are the fat soluble vitamins? | A, D, E, K |
| What are the water soluble vitamins? | B and C |
| Vitamin D (function) | acts as a hormone, regulates blood calcium and phosphorous levels |
| Vitamin D (deficiency) | increases risk for hypertension, cancer, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis; leads to rickets in children; leads to osteomalacia in adults (poor mineralization of bone) |
| Vitamin D (toxicity) | high blood calcium levles, calcium deposited in soft tissues |
| Vitamin E (function) | preeminant antioxidant |
| Vitamin E (deficiency) | can lead to RBC destruction (erythroctye hemolysis) |
| Vitamin K (function) | important in synthesis of blood clotting proteins, assists in synthesis of bone proteins |
| Vitamin K (toxicity) | causes RBCs to break and release pigment |
| Vitamin C (function) | assists in formation/maintenance of collagen, acts as an antioxidant, supports immune system |
| Vitamin C (deficiency) | scurvy, breakdown of collagen |
| Vitamin C (toxicity) | may interfere with medications to prevent blood clotting, acts as pro-oxidant by acitivating oxidizing molecules, increases iron absorption, releases iron from storage |
| B Vitamins | act as parts of coenzymes, small molecules that couple with and activate enzymes |
| Thiamin (function) | energy metabolism, occupies site on nerve cell membranes, critical to muscle tissue response |
| Thiamin (deficiency) | Beriberi - loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscle weakness, paralysis, abnormal heart action; Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - caused by alcohol abuse |
| Riboflavin (function) | energy metabolism of all cells |
| Riboflavin (deficiency) | accompanies thiamin deficiency |
| Niacin (function) | energy metabolism |
| Niacin (deficiency) | pellagra - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death |
| Niacin (toxicity) | injury of liver, peptic ulcers, loss of vision |
| Folate (function) | synthesizes DNA for new cells, critical to metabolism of several amino acids |
| Folate (deficiency) | anemia, neural tube birth defects |
| Vitamin B12 (function) | closely related to folate, helps maintain the sheaths that surround and protect nerve fibers |
| Vitamin B12 (deficiency) | pernicious anemia, damaged nerve sheaths, paralysis, malfunctioning of nerves and muscles |
| Vitamin B6 (function) | conversion of tryptophan to niacin, synthesis of hemoglobin and neurotransmitters, releasing of stored glucose from glycogen, immune function, steroid hormone activity, developing brain/nervous system of a fetus |
| Vitamin B6 (deficiency) | too many to list |
| Vitamin B6 (toxicity) | too many to list |
| Calcium (function) | bone structure, 99% in bone/teeth, 1% in IC/EC fluids, regulates transport of ions, maintains BP, essential for muscle contraction |
| Calcium (deficiency) | bone loss, increases risk of osteoporosis |
| Calcium (toxicity) | constipation, affects mineral absorption |
| Phosphorus (function) | 85% combined with calcium crystals, salts serve as buffers, component of DNA/RNA, carry/store/release energy from nutrients, part of phospholipids |
| Phosphorus (deficiency) | muscle weakness |
| Magnesium (function) | assists in release and use of energy from nutrients, affects metabolism of potassium, calcium, and Vitamin D, helps muscles relax |
| Magnesium (toxicity) | severe diarrhea, dehydration, acid/base imbalances |
| Sodium (function) | maintains EC fluid balance, acid/base balance, muscle contraction, nerve transmission |
| Sodium (toxicity) | hypertension |
| Potassium (function) | main + charged ion in cells, maintenance of fluid/electrolyte balance, cell integrity, heartbeat |
| Potassium (deficiency) | heart failure causes sudden death, severe diarrhea, hypertension worsens, metabolic acidity increases, accelerates calcium loss from bone, kidney stone risk increases |
| Potassium (toxicity) | triggers vomiting reflex |
| Chloride (function) | major - ion in cells, accompanies Na in EC fluid, acid/base/electrolyte balance, component of HCl |
| Sulfate (function) | synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds (antioxidants, amino acids) |
| Sulfate (toxicity) | causes diarrhea, colon damage |
| Iodine (function) | thyroxine component |
| Iodine (deficiency) | enlarged thyroid (goiter), sluggishness, weight gain, severe deficiency during pregnancy leads to cretinism (physical retardation) |
| Iron (function) | component of hemoglobin, provides cells with oxygen |
| Iron (deficiency) | anemia, weakness, apathy, sensitive to cold, shortened attn span, pica |
| Iron (toxicity) | digestive distress and tissue/organ damage |
| Zinc (function) | works with proteins in every organ |
| Zinc (deficiency) | affects growth, alters digestive function, impairs immune response, disturbs thyroid function |
| Zinc (toxicity) | reduce blood concentrations of HDLs, inhibits iron absorption |
| Selenium (function) | works with VitE to protect body chemicals against oxidative destruction |
| Selenium (deficiency) | development of some cancers (prostate) |
| Selenium (toxicity) | hair loss, diarrhea, nerve abnormalities |
| Fluoride (function) | deposits in bone, teeth, forms decay resistant crystals in teeth |
| Fluoride (toxicity) | discoloration of unerrupted teeth |
| Chromium (function) | works with insulin to regulate and release energy from glucose |
| Chromium (deficiency) | impaired insulin action |
| Copper (function) | formation of hemoglobin/collagen, handles iron, assists in energy releasing reactions |
| Copper (deficiency) | disturbs growth and metabolism |
Created by:
ncolejordan
Popular Nursing sets