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8th Grade Midterm
Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What measures the pull of gravity on an object? | weight |
| What are substances composed of only one type of atom called? | element |
| The type of soil that contains a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and humus | loam |
| A substances having a pH of 10 would be an acid or base? | base |
| A theory that has never been proven false______? | law |
| What measures the amount of matter in an object? | mass |
| What measures how tightly packed matter is? | density |
| A sensible explanation to a scientific problem? | hypothesis |
| what are substances composed of two or more elements bonded together called? | compound |
| what are the 3 primary plant food elements? | nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. |
| what is the study of soil? | pedology |
| what is soil primarily derived from living organisms? | organic material |
| What is soil primarily derived from nonliving matter? | mineral material |
| What is the breakdown of organisms? | decomposition |
| What is a substance composed of decayed organisms’ particles? | humus |
| What is the term for reusing old materials? | recycling |
| What is the process that breaks rocks down into soil? | weathering |
| What are the top 2 to 6 inches of soil called? (top layer of soil) | topsoil |
| What is the layer of solid rock below the soil called? | bedrock |
| What is a self-pumping well called? | artesian well |
| In what type of fault do rocks along one side of the fault move horizontally along the fault? | strike-slip fault |
| The point deep within the earth at which an earthquake begins is the: | focus |
| The narrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles the Pacific basin is the: | ring of fire |
| About 80% of the world’s earthquakes occur in what belt? | circum-pacific belt |
| The bending or buckling of rocks under great force produces a: | fold |
| The inner core of the earth is a solid, liquid, or gas? | solid |
| What is an inactive volcano that can erupt again called? | dormant |
| What is an instrument used to record the vibrations caused by earthquakes? | seismograph |
| What is the well-known strike-slip fault in California called? | San Andreas Fault |
| What is the study of earth called? | geology |
| What is the study of earthquakes called? | seismology |
| All the present-day continents are thought to have once been one land mass called? | Pangea |
| What is an earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth’s surface? | tectonic earthquake |
| What is a domelike igneous intrusion formed when magma bulges overlying rocks upward called? | laccolith |
| Which type of volcano consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments called? | cinder cone |
| Which type of volcano has broad, gently sloping sides made of highly fluid lava that hardened into rock? | sheild |
| Which type of volcano forms partly by explosive eruptions of ash and rock fragments and partly by lava flows? | composite |
| What theory states that rocks spring back into a position of little or no strain at the moment of an earthquake? | elastic rebound theory |
| What are the fastest earthquake waves? | primary (P) waves |
| What is the most famous scale used to measure earthquakes? | Richter Scale |
| Which type of mountain forms when molten rock collects beneath an overlying rock layer, forming a blisterlike structure? | domed mountain |
| Which type of mountain forms when rocks on one side of a fault are forced upward and the rocks on the other side are forced downward? | fault-block mountain |
| Which type of mountain forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth’s crust? | volcanic mountains |
| Which type of mountain forms when two rock layers are pushed together, causing the layers to buckle? | folded mountains |
| What is the point on the earth’s surface directly above the point where an earthquake begins? | epicenter |
| What is an archlike structure formed when rocks are folded upward? | anticline |
| Streams that feed into a river at various points | Tributaries |
| Thick ice sheet that slowly moves under its own weight | Glacier |
| High ridge of rock and land that projects out into the sea | Promontory |
| Water from rain that cannot be absorbed by the ground | Runoff |
| The eroding action of windblown sand | Abrasion |
| A mass of ice and snow abruptly dislodging from a mountain | Avalanche |
| A long pile of rocks deposited parallel to the shore | Breakwater |
| A glacial valley that has filled with seawater | Fjord |
| Large streams of ocean water that flow at or below the surface are called: | Ocean Currents |
| Large masses of water flowing horizontally along the surface are called: | Surface Currents |
| A circular path of a surface current is called a: | Gyre |
| Ocean currents that flow beneath the surface are called: | Subsurface Currents |
| Differences in density can cause ____________ currents. | Density |
| A type of density current that occurs when mud mixes with seawater is a: | Turbidity Current |
| Deep, cool water moves to the surface to fill a void, forming an upward flowing current is called an: | Upwelling |
| A current that flows in the opposite direction either beside, on top of, or beneath the surface current is a: | Counter Current |
| The study of oceans is called: | Oceanography |
| The measure of dissolved salt in seawater is its: | Salanity |
| Cold water is ________ dense than warm water. | more |
| Non-salty water is _________ dense than salty water | less |
| The pressure from water is: | Hydrostatic Pressure |
| Hydrostatic pressure is measured in: | Pounds per square inch |
| When saltwater freezes it's called: | Sea Ice |
| When glaciers reach the sea and break off it forms: | Icebergs |
| When glaciers reach the sea and extend across the surface it forms an: | Ice Shelf |
| What is the boundary where warm surface water meets cold deep water? | Thermocline |
| List the 6 steps of the scientific method: | State the problem Gather info Form a hypothesis Test the hypothesis Record and analyze State the conclusion |
Created by:
misschapman
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