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Fundamental Exam III
Legal, Activity, Sensory and Medication Errors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If discrimination is suspected, who should you file complaints to? a) your head nurse b) your supervisor c) the EEOC d) the NLN review board | c) the EEOC |
| The standard of care appropriate for the nurse-patient relationship or the obligation to care falls under which element of liability? a) breach of duty b) causation c) duty d) damages | c) duty |
| What are the 4 elements of liability that must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occured? | Duty, Breach of Duty, Causation, Damages |
| What disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia of the cerebrum causing unnecessary skeletal movements that result in tremors and muscle rigidity? | Parkinson's Disease |
| Diseases characterized by a larger breakdown of protein than that which is manufactured leads to a _____? a) positive nitrogen balance b) negative nitrogen balance c) neutral nitrogen balance | b) negative nitrogen balance |
| Swimming, walking, jogging, ROM exersizes, and bicycling involve muscle shortening and active movement termed: a) isotonic exercise b) isometric exercise c) isokinetic exercise d) isotonic exercise | a) isotonic exercise |
| ______ refers to muscle mass that is decreased through disuse. _____ refers to increased muscle mass resulting from exercise or training a) atrophy, hypertrophy b) hypertrophy, atrophy | a) atrophy, hypertrophy |
| What part of the brain assumes the major role of controlling precise, discrete movements? | the cerebral motor cortex |
| Sprain, Strains and dislocations are considered: a) muscle injuries b) overexertion injuries c) soft tissue injuries d) skeletal muscle injuries | c) soft tissue injuries |
| What is the non-inflammatory progressive disorder of movable joints, particularly weight-bearing joints, characterized by the deterioration of articular cartilage and pain with motion? | Degenerative joint diseases, also termed osteoarthritus |
| What part of the brain integrates semivoluntary movement such as walking, swimming, and laughing? a) basal ganglia b) corpus callosum c) cerebral motor cortex d) LGN cortex | a) Basal ganglia |
| Exercises involving muscle contraction without shortening including contractions of the quadricepts and gluteal muscles are termed? | Isometric! |
| If you are called as a plaintiff or defendant in a court case, you should not/cannot talk to anyone at your agency including your peers, coworkers, supervisors and risk managers | You cannot talk to anyone except your risk manager. |
| True/False If a the prosecuter's lawyer asks you a question in a manner which would cause you to look bad or negligent, be sure to include in your answer, information that will defend your position to make sure that the judge/jury is not mislead. | False. Never volunteer any information. |
| What is the difference between an expert witness and a fact witness? | A fact witness can testify only on first hand knowledge of the incident while an expert witness offers an opinion based on the patient's record on whether or not nursing care met acceptable standards |
| True/False A signed consent is not needed in an emergency if there is an immediate threat to life or health, if experts would agree that it is an emergency, and if the patient is unable to consent and a legally authorized person cannot be reached. | True! |
| When the nurse signs the consent form as a witness, they are acknowledging that they have educated the patient and obtained reasonable consent. True or False? | False! Unless the nurse is obtaining consent for a nurse-prescribed and initiated intervention, then the nurse is signing the form acknowledging only that the all conditions of signing the form have been met. I.E. the nurse does not give consent, the |
| True or False: The use of a back belt prevents back injury. | False. It does not. |
| What is the difference between hemiparesis and hemiplegia? | Hemiparesis-weakness on 1/2 of body Hemiplegia- paralysis of 1/2 of body |
| Impaired muscle strength or weakness is termed____? | Paresis |
| The absence of strength secondary to nerve impairment is called______? | Paralysis |
| True or False. Muscle mass refers to the weight of the muscle. | False. It refers to the size of the muscle. |
| Describe the patient body when standing in correct body alignment. | The head is held errect, the face is in the forward position, the chest is held upward and forward. |
| True or False: Proper body alignment may only be observed when a person is standing hands by their sides, and face looking straight ahead. | False: Alignment may be observed when a patient is standing, sitting, or lying. |
| What are the 3 elements to a comprehensive risk management program? | A safety program, a product safety program, and a quality assurance program. |
| True or False: When documenting in a patient's record, be sure to include the fact that an incident report was filed. | False- you do not document in the patients file that an incident report was filled out; incident reports are for QA! |
| A______ event is an unexpecteed occurance involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof. | A sentinal event. |
| True or False: If a nurse erroneously but in good faith files a report of a suspected abuse, they are protected by the law. | True! |
| When a state attorney decides to charge a nurse with manslaughter for allegedly administering a lethal medication order, this is an example of what type of law? | Criminal law |
| If you wanted to find a list of violations that can result in disciplinary actions against a nurse, you should read what? | The nurse practice acts. |
| A nurse that has specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgement and had met certain criteria established by a non-governmental association as a result which she was granted recognition in a special area is termed a _______. | Certification |
| If a review of a patient's record revealed that she had never consented to eye surgery, of which intentional tort might the surgeon have been guilty of? | Battery |
| True or False: Presbycusis is an abnormal hearing loss due to an absess or obstruction in the external auditory canal. | False: Presbycusis is a normal loss of hearing due to the aging process. |
| The process of bone demineralization is termed____? | osteoporosis |
| The consolidation and immobilization of a joint is termed_____? a) atrophy b) ankylosis c) rigamortis | b) ankylosis |
| How can inactivity result in a possibly acid-base imbalance? | When areas of lung tissues are not used, over time, atelectasis(incomplete expansion) may occur. This poor exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen can result in an acid-base imbalance. |
| Why would orthostatic hypotension result from inactivity? | The normal neurovascular adjustments that occur to maintain systemic bp with position changes are not used during periods of inactivity and they eventually become inoperative. |
| During periods of immobility, calcium leaves the ______ and enters the ______. This leads to an increased risk of thrombus formation. a) blood,bones b) blood,cells c) blood,tissues d) bones,blood | d) Calcium leaves the bones and enters the blood |
| Injuries resulting from exercise are typically treated with RICE. What does this stand for? | Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation |
| Who is recommended to receive a pre-exercise medical examination? Check all that apply: a) teenagers b) sedetary people c) people greater than 35 years of age d) people with past or current diabetes, asthma, osteoporosis, cardiovascular conditions | b,c,d |
| True or False: Some of the benefits of regular exercise include increased energy, improved appearance, improved sleep, and improved self-concept. | True...Duh! |
| How does exercise help to noursih the skin? | It increased circulation to the skin! |
| During exercise, blood is shunted away from the ______ towards the______. | Away from the stomach and intestines and towards the muscles. |
| True or False: Regular exercise is also believed to slow the effects of aging. | True. It helps to prevent osteoporosis associated with aging. |
| Exercising involving muscle contractions with resistance such as rehab exercises or weight lifting are considered a) isotonic b)isometric c)isokinetic | c) isokinetic |
| When using the cane for maximum support, the nurse should instruct the patient to hold the cane on the weaker or stronger side? | Stronger |
| In many situations, a patient has sufficient strength to walk if he or she can... a) lie prone for 1 hour b)bathe him or herself c) raise their feet off the bed 1 inch d) sit up in bed for 1 hour | c) raise their feet 1 inch off the bed |
| The greatest danger to feet occurs when: a) the are unsupported in the dorsiflexion position b) they are over-supported in the lateral flexion position c) they are held in place by foot boards | a) when they are allowed to go unsupported to the dorsiflexion position |
| Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess when a patient experiences a greater breakdown of protein than that which is manufactured? a) fluid volume excess b) a contracture c) osteoporosis d) negative nitrogen balance | d) negative nitrogen balance |
| A person that performs rehab exercises with resistance after a knee injury is practicing what type of exercise? | isokinetic |
| What bands connect muscle to bone? | tendons |
| What is the difference between single-ended canes with a half circle handle and single-ended canes with a straight handle? Who are recommended to use each? | Circle ones-for people requiring minimal support; Straight ones-for those with hand weakness(the straight handle is easier to hold). |
| What type of assistive devise widens a person's base of support providing increased balance? | A cane |
| What is the most important muscle group used in walking? a) quadricepts femoris b) gluteus maximus c) bicepts femoris | a) quadricepts femoris |
| What is a lateral assist devise? | A devise such as an air mattress, that is placed under the patient to help with bed to bed or bed to stretcher transfers |
| A nurse who fails to accuratly assess her patient, violates which element of liability? | Breach of duty |
| Decreased muscle tone is termed? a) flaccidity b) spasticity c) ROM d) muscle tone | a) flaccidity |
| Any conditon that interferes with the transportation of oxygenated blood to the tissues is classified as what type of nursing diagnosis? a) activity intolerance b) impaired physical mobility | a) activity intolerance |
| How are sandbags used? | To immobilize an extremity and support body alignment |
| The slight residual tension in a resting normal muscle with an intact nerve supply is termed its_______. | Muscle tone |
| Increased muscle tone that interferes with movement is termed_______. | spasticity |
| What is used to support the hips and legs so the femurs do not rotate outward? | Trochanter rolls |
| True/False: Massage pressure areas especially if reddened. | False dummie! We DO NOT massage reddened areas! |
| What position is often used to promote cardiac and respiratory functioning because abdominal organs drop in this position thereby providing maximal space in the thoracic cavity? a) fowlers b) semi-fowlers c) supine | Fowlers |
| You should perform ROM exercises___times a day, and each exercise should be carried out___to___ times. a) 2,3,6 b)1,2,5 c)2,2,5 | c. 2,2,5 |
| Expect a patient's respiratory and heart rate to increase during exercise, however these rates should return to usual resting level within____minutes otherwise the exercixe is prob too strenuous for the patient. | 3 minutes! |
| How should you avoid phrasing an instruction to a patient with dementia? a) "Please stand up" b) "Walk this way" c) "Don't sit down" | c) dont sit down...the patient may not register the "don't" and may just hear the "sit down" and preceed to sit. Phrase directions positively. |
| BMI's greater than___ require special bariatric beds and special lifting equipment. | 50 |
| A nurse who fails to alert the doctor to changes in her patient's condition violates which element of liability? | Breach of Duty |
| A nurse who fails to competently execute safety measures for her/his patient violates which element of liability? | Breach of Duty |
| What are the 4 sources of law? | Constitutions, Statutes, Administrative law, Common law |
| What is the difference between duty and breach of duty? | Duty-what a nurse is legally responsible for doing...Breach of Duty- what the nurse failed to do, or did wrong |
| The actual harm or injury resulting to the patient is what element of liability? | Damages |
| Proving that failure to meet the standard of care actually caused the damages is termed? a) Duty b)Breach of Duty c)Causation d)Damages | c)Causation- this is the toughest one to establish |
| The failure to provide the standard of care is termed? a)Duty b)Breach of Duty c)Causation d)Damages | b)Breach of Duty |
| True/False: Most healthcare facilities carry claims insurance which covers the nurse after she/he is no longer working, the facility closes, or any advise and care given outside of work. | False! Claims insurance does not cover any of those! |
| What type of insurance would you want to take out if you wanted to be insured after you are no longer working, or if the facility closes and a lawsuit is braught againt you later? a) claims made b) professional liability c) professional claims made | b) professional liability insurance |
| What reason is mainly given for failing to document patient education? a) lack of knowledge b) lack of resources c) lack of time d) wrong forms used | c) lack of time |
| The presumption of the law is that if something was not documented, then ___ ___ ___ ___! | It Was Not Done! |
| What are the most common types of overexertion injuries for healthcare workers? Check all that apply. a) neck b) wrists c) shoulders d) backs e) abdomens | a)necks c)shoulders d)backs |
| What reflexes contribute to posture by altering the person to spatial relationships? a) labrinthine b) proprioceptor c) kinesthetic d) optic/visual | d)optic/visual |
| The sense of position and movement is provided by the sense organs in the inner ear which are stimulated by body movement(changes in head position). This sense is termed: a) labyrinthine b) proprioceptor c) propiolabythetic | a) labyrinthine |
| The point at which an objects mass is centered is termed its______and is located? a) center, pelvis between the belly button and symphis pubis b) center of gravity, in the chest c)center of gravity, pelvis between the belly button and symphsis pubis | c)center of gravity, pelvis between the belly button and symphysis pubis |
| If bedrest is prolonged, there is danger of developing____or permanent contraction of a muscle. a) tonus b) contracture c)rigamortis d)tonitus | b)contracture |
| The usual state of our muscles is____, which is the state of slight contraction. a)tonus b)contracture c)rigamortis d)tonitis | a)tonis |
| The correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion is termed? a) physical therapy b)occupational therapy c)orthotics d)orthopedics | d)orthopedics |
| What are the 3 important functions of a muscle? | Motion, posture, and heat production |
| What is the insertion point for a muscle? | When a muscle attaches to a more movable bone. |
| What is the point of origin of a muscle? | When the muscle attaches to a more stationary bone. |
| What are the 2 different points of attachment for a muscle? | Point of origin and point of insertion. |
| True or False: Temporary management solutions to understaffing such as floating nurses, asking nurses to work overtime, asking nurses to work double shifts...are an effective method of countering the nursing shortage until better staffing can be achieved. | False: They are ineffective because they can further jeapardize patient safety. |
| What functions as a shock absorber and as a bearing surface that reduces friction between the moving parts of a joint? | Cartilage |
| Tendons connect____to____. | Muscle to bone |
| Ligaments connect____and____. | Bones and cartilage |
| Jaw and spinal column bones are examples of what kind of bones? a)irregular b) long c)flat d)short | a)irregular |
| Ribs and skull bones are examples of what type of bones? a)irregular b)long c)flat d)short | c)flat |
| The humerus and femur are examples of what types of bones? a)irregular b)long c)flat d)short | b)long bones |
| A person with unusual body sensations, or preoccupations with somatic complaints(ex.dry mouth) may be experiencing...? a)sensory overload b)sensory deprivation c)both | c)both |
| For a patient with sensory overload, what would nursing care focus on? | Reducing distressing stimuli and helping the patient gain control over the environment |
| Why might a person with sensory deprivation hallucinate? | To allow their brain to maintain an optimal level of arousal. |
| True or False: All incoming stimuli will elicit a response in the brain. | False: a stimulus must be variable or irregular to evoke a response |
| ______describes over 100 different diseases that affect areas in or around the joints, and are characterized by inflammation, pain, and/or stiffness. a)osteoarthritis b)arthritis c)degenerative joint disease | b)arthritis |
| Excessive bone destruction and abnormal regeneration result in skeletal pain, deformities, and patholic fractures are termed? a)achondroplasia b)osteogenesis imperfects c)Paget's disease d)osteoporosis | c)Paget's disease |
| Bone destruction that exceeds bone formation and in which the resulting porous bones fracture easily is termed: a)achondroplasia b)osteogenesis imperfects c)Paget's disease d)osteoporosis | d)osteoporosis |
| True or False: Do not sit sensory deprived people at a table with more then 2 other people as it will overload their systems. | False: Do sit them with 4 individuals per table to encourage adequate stimulation. |
| What do all of these people have in common: Children in non-stimulating environments, older people, terminally ill people, patients on bedrest, patients on isolation, patients in a critical care unit? | They are all at high risk for sensory deprivation. |
| True or False: Avoid discussing perceptual and thought distortion with confused patients, as it will only confuse them further. | False: Help them to acknowledge the fact and reassure them that these experiences are normal and usually temporary; it should help to decrease anxiety if you talk it over with them |
| True or false: Use non-prescription eye drops to help lubricate dry or irritated eyes. | False: Avoid non-prescription eye drops and seek medical consultation. Don't self medicate! |
| True or false: To help preserve your sense of tast, avoid eating spiced foods. | False: Enhance taste with the use of spices. |
| True or False: Temporary hearing losses are typically cause by central nervous system problems, and are usually correctable. | False: Temporary hearing losses are generally conductive in nature, that is they are due to problems with the external or middle ear such as wax build up, infections, or foreign body obstruction. |
| True or False: When communicating witha confused patient, keep the emphasis on their strengths rather than on deficiencies and verbally reinforce strenths. | True! |
| True or False: The elbow should be flexed at a 40 degree angle when walking with a cane. | False: a 30 degree angle |
| True or False: When walking with a cane, patients are generally instructed to hold the cane in the opposite hand from the leg with the least severe deficit(ie hold the cane on the weaker leg side). | False: Hold the cane on the side of the stronger leg |
| What is the most common reason for a nurses license to be rovoked or suspended? a)negligence b)malpractice c)med errors d)drug/alcohol abuse | d)drug/alcohol abuse |
| True or False: Accreditation by NLNAC is a legal requirment for a nursing school. | False: Only state accreditation is a legal requirment. |
| The person or government bringing suit against another is called the ______ while the person being accused of a crime or tort is called the _______. a)defendant,defendant b)plaintiff,defendant c)defendant,plaintiff | b) plaintiff,defendant |
| The process of bringing and trying a lawsuit is termed? | litigation |
| The term allocated for the case that first sets down the rule by decision is called a ______. | Precedent |
| Most law involving malpractice is what source of law? a)constitutional b)statute c)administration d)common | d)common |
| The nurse practice acts fall under what source of law? | Statutes |
| Which of the following positions promotes drainage from the mouth for clients with throat or oral surgery, but inhibits chest expansion? a)fowlers b)semi-fowlers c)prone d)reverse trendelenburg | c)prone |
| _____is oral defammation of character while____ is written defammation of character. a)slander,libel b)libel,slander c)none of the above | a)slander=verbal, libel=written |
| John says" Sit down now or I will come over there and sit your down myself" to a patient who is tying to stand from their unlocked wheelchair. What law suit might be brought up against him? a) assault and battery b) assault c)demamation of character | b)assault-he verbally threatened the patient with harm |
| Forcibly removing a patients clothing or administering an injection after the patient told you they didn't want it, are both examples of what? a)assault b)battery c)assault and battery d)negligence e)defamation of character | b)battery |
| Assault and battery, defamation of character, invasion of privacy and false imprisonment are all torts which are usally...a)settled with money and no jail time b)settled with money and jail time c)settled with jail time | a)settled with money and no jail time |
| _____are commonly punishable with fines and/or imprisonment for less then 1 year with parole while____ are punishable by imprisonment in a federal penitentiary for more than 1 year. a)torts,felonies b)misdemeanors,felonies c)felonies,misdemeanors | b)misdemeanors,felonies |
| What type of crutches are used for patients requiring bilateral upper-extremity support with infrequent weight bearing? a) axillary b)semi-axillary c)forearm | c)forearm crutches |
| What is the first and second step in speaking with a person with a visual impairment? | 1. Call them by their name when you first enter the room to avoid startling them 2. Introduce yourself |
| _____crutches are most likely to be used for patient with a permanent disability. a)forearm b)axillary c)semi-axillary | a)forearm |
| _____crutches are used for people with temporary restrictions on ambulation. a)forearm b)axillary | b)axillary |
| The sensory experience consists mainly of what 2 components? a) a stimulus and response b) kinesthesia and visceral c) vision and hearing d)reception and perception | d)reception and perception |
| Boards of Nursing fall under what source of law? a)constitutional b)statutes c)adminiatrative d) common | c)administrative |
| Bernice, a 92 year old with a broken leg, and poor upper body strength would most likely be given what type of crutches? a)axillary b)forearm | b)forearm crutches: axillary crutches require significan upper body strength to use. |
| True or False: When using axillary crutches, put most of your weight on your hands and arms and not on your arm pits. | True |
| "The good leg goes up, the bad leg goes down" describes what? | The process of going up and down stairs when using crutches. |
| What 4 characteristics must be met for a person to experience the world? | There needs to be a stimulus present, a sense organ to receive the stimulus, conduction along a nerve pathway, and an area of the brain to receive and translate the stimulus into a sensation. |
| The willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause or has caused loss or harm to a person or property is termed______ | Fraud |
| Which of the following is an affetive method of making a home environment safe? a) cleaning the carpets b) polishing the floors c) removing throw rugs d)locking the bathroom door | c)removing throw rugs as they pose a tripping hazzard |
| When signing a consent form with a doctor present, what are you acknowledging? a) the client signed the document in front of you b)client was not coerced c) the doctor explained the procedure d) requirments for giving informed consent have been met | d) the requirments for giving informed consent have been met |
| Which amendment of the constitution gives us the right to privacy? | The 4th! |
| True or false: It is best to lift and object rather than to slide/roll/push/pull it? | False: it is best to slide/roll/push/pull over lifting an object |
| A disease characterized by excessively brittle bones with multiple fracture both at birth and later in life is termed: a)achondroplasia b) osteogenesis imperfecta c) Paget's disease d)osteoporosis | b)osteogensis imperfecta |
| A post-operative client is lying in a semi-fowlers position. What finding would a nurse note as incorrect? a) the client is in mild pain b)the HOB is at 50 degrees c) the clients knees and legs are flat d)there is a pillow behind the cliens head | b)the HOB is at 50. Semi-fowlers should have the head raise 30-40 degrees! |
| What type of medication should be considered for the bed ridden patient? | anticoagulants |
| When assessing the immobile client's breath sounds, what finding would indicate poor respiratory status due to immobility? a) decreased breath sounds in dependent areas of the lungs b)crackles in the lower lobes c)wheezes in the right upper lobes | a) decreased breath sounds in dependent areas of the lungs |
| Exposure to noise, ototonic medications, aging and acoustic neuroma are all contributing factors to what type of hearing loss? a) conductive b) sensorineural | b)sensorineural |
| Obstructive, tympanic membrane perforation, ear infections and otosclerosis are all contributing factors to what type of hearing loss? a) conductive b)sensorineural | a)conductive |
| Timely, Accurate, Complete, and Concise are guidelines for what? | Documentation |
| True or False: Incident reports are only filed if an action carried out or failed to be carried resulted in patient or staff harm. | False: They are filled out if actions did, or COULD HAVE resulted in harm. |
| What sense(s) inform the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movement stimulationg special nerve ending in muscles, tendons, and fascia? a)labyrinthine b)proprioceptor c)kinesthetic | b)and c) they are synonyms for each other |
| What is responsible for the stimulation and mediation of arousal? | The RAS or Reticular Activation System |
| The awareness of the position of body parts and body movements are termed? a)sternogenesis b)tactile discrimination c)kinethesis d)telekinesis | c)kinethesia |
| The sense that perceives the salidity of objects and their size, shape and texture is termed? a) sternogenesis b)tactile discrimination c)kinethesia d)graphosnia | a)sternogenesis |
| As a result of immobility, metabolic processes are altered, causing a _____in protein and resulting in muscle loss. a) increase b)decrease c)no change | b)decrease |
| What complication of the cardiovascular system is brought on by immobility? a) increased cardiac output b)decreased oxygenation requirment c)less fluid volume in the circulatory system | c) less fluid volume in the circulatory system |
| What can stasis of secretions cause in the immobile patient? a) choking and coughing b) resltessness and anxiety c)atelectasis and pneumonia d)colds and viruses | c) atelectasis and pneumonia |
| True or False: While sitting or standing you should hold in stomach muscles to help maintain good posture. | True |
| How are bones classified? | According to shape |
| What makes up the skeletal system? | Bones, joints and cartilage |
| True or False: The neonatal ICU should limit sensory stimuli such as light, visual and vestibulary stimulation to help simulate the environment of the womb. | True! |
| When talking to patients that are elderly and have a decrease in hearing ability, try to speak in a high pitched tone. | False. Speak in lower tones. |
| The medication error index classifies med errors according to what concept? a)type of medication b)incorrect amount given c) extend of harm caused d) type of medication misdosed | c)extent of harm caused |
| True or False: The purpose of classifying med errors is to be able to assess individual blame. | False: The purpose is to help prevent future error. |
| True or False: The following does not qualify as a med error: Failing to perform an agency system check. | False: Although the correct med and dosage may have been given with no harm, if the med was not checked by pharmacy for the appropriateness prior to administration, then it is considered a med error. |
| True or False: A medication order may be given verbally. The nurse is able to administer the drug as long as she has communicated with the doctor and re-read the order back to him for verification. | False: Although re-reading the order back to the doctor for verification is nesessary, the order myst be in writing before the drug can be administered. |
| True or False: For the past 5 years, Jessica has been taking 5mg of Dilatin po q8 hours PRN for pain. The doctor writes an order for 5 mg Dilatid. It is safe to assume that it will be PO since that is how she has always taken it. | False: Incomplete medication orders need to be clairified with the MD. You cannot assume a route for the medication. You as a nurse do not write or assume your own medication orders. NO part of the order may be filled in per your judgement. |
| True or False: It is not recommended that a nurse put a leading zero preceding a decimal number less than one because it may lead to a ten-fold dosage error if the medication is read as 50.mg instead of 5mg | False: You are encouraged to use a leading zero prededing a decimal number less than one so that you can help prevent a ten-fold dosage error. For example, write 0.5 instead of .5 as the .5 may be mistaken for 5. |
| Which of the following abbreviations should you avoid? a)U for units b)ug for micrograms c)daily for once a day d)q.o.d for every other day e)SC for subcutaneous f)tiw for twice a week g)AC for before meal h)hs for half strength i)AU for | a) U can be mistaken for a zero or a 4 b)ug can be mistaken for "mg" d)q.o.d can be misktaken for daily or 4 times daily e)SC can be mistaken for SL or sublingual f)tiw can be mistaken for 3 times a day or twice a week h)hs can be mistaken for HS |
| What does the rule of reasonable and prudent action say? | In nursing, standards of care are defined by nurse practice acts that define the standard of care as the actions that a reasonable and prudent nurse with equivalent preparation would perform under similar circumstance. |
| True of False: A nurse has not performed a medication error if she fails to give a perscribed medication at the prescribed time, if she/he had a large patient load and was administering the meds as fast as should possibly could. | False: It is the nurses responsibiliy to give medications at the prescribed time. It is the nurses responsibility to take up any time issues with the agency as it is ultumatly the nurse who is at fault if the med is given late. |
| What is the most common cause of morbidity and preventable death within hospitals? a)infection b)pressure ulcers c)heart attacks d)medication errors | d)medication erros |
| True or False: Administrative personnel may also be penalized because of errors within their departments or the hospital as a whole. | True!!! Your med errors are not just effecting you and your patient! |
| What has been established as an acceptable incident rate for medication error? | None! |
| True or False: All medication errors should result in a disciplinary action being taken against the nurse/doctor to ensure that it doesn't happen again. | False: Med error investigations should occur in a nonpunative manner that will encorage staff to report errors, thereby building a culture of safety within an organization. |
| True or False: If a med error is discovered, it up to the person who comitted it to document and report it. | False: Anyone who discovers the med error is ethically and legally responsible for reporting it. |
| True or False: Med error documenting in a patients record simply documents the fact that a med error has occured. | False: It also documents specific nursing interventions that were implimented to protect the patient's safety, such as monitoring vital signs and assessing the client for possible complications. |
| Why does failure to document specific nursing interventions implimented following a med error considered negligence? | Because as with all documentation, if you didn't document that specific interventions were carried out, then the assumption is that you didn't do anything following the med error. According to our "Duty" we are required to take certain precautions. |
| What additional documentation is done after a med error is discovered? a)it is documented in the MAR b)an incident report is filed c)both | c)both |
| What is the point of documenting a med error on the MAR and filling out an incident report. The doctor has already been notified about the mistake and the patient is doing fine? Why more busy work? | This "busy work" is essential for legal reasons. The documents verify that the client's safety was protected. These also serve as a tool to improve the medications administration process. |
| What are the three most common type of med errors? | 1. Giving the wrong dose 2. Giving the wrong drug 3. Using the wrong route |
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ericapasay
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