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Biology Unit
WSHS - Biology Unit 6 Chap 11 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Codominance | situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism; when two different genes are both dominent and both show (speckled chicken) |
| Crossing over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| Diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Gamate | sex cells; specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction |
| Gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
| Genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism (ex. TT, Tt, tt) |
| Haploid | refers to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| Heterozygous | refers to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (ex. Tt) |
| Homologous | referes to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent |
| Homozygous | refers to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait ( ex. TT or tt) |
| Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another; when you have two different genes adn neither is dominant, instead they are equal (ie mixing paint) |
| Independent assortment | segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| Meiosis | number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell; four new cells are formed from each original; the process that makes sperm and egg cells; cells formed this way have half the original cell c |
| Multiple alleles | three or more alleles of the same gene |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism; the trait that is seen (ex. brown eyes, blond hair) |
| Polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Probablility | liklihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | diagram showing that gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Tetrad | structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| Trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| True breeding | describes organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| mitosis | process in which two new cells are formed from each original; where new skin cells are formed; the cell reproduction that helps you grow; cells formed this way have the same chromosome number as the original |
| Mendel | pioneer of genetics - green pea plant experiment; he determined that there are 3 principles of dominance |
| 23 | the number of chromosome pairs we have |
| autosomes | regular pairs of chromosomes (22; the last pair determines sex |
| xx | female |
| xy | male |
| fraternal twins | 2 eggs/2 sperm |
| identical twins | 1 egg/1 sperm; they split and have 2 zygotes alike |
| dominent genes | use CAPITAL letters ex. TT |
| recessive genes | use lower case letters ex. tt |
| pure trait | one that is 100% the same |
| sperm | male gamate |
| egg | female gamate |
| 23rd pair of chromosome | pair that determines sex |
Created by:
ktedder
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