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5: Volcano Vocab.
Chapter 5: Volcano Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volcano | A mountain that forms in Earth’s crust when molten material, or magma, reaches the surface. |
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. |
| Lava | The name for magma that reaches the Earth’s surface. |
| Ring of Fire | One major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean. |
| Island Arc | A string of volcanoes that form as the result of subduction of one oceanic plate beneath a second oceanic plate. |
| Hot Spot | An area where material from deep within Earth’s mantle rises through the crust and melts to form magma. |
| Magma Chamber | This is the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects. |
| Pipe | A long tube that extends from Earth’s crust up through the top of a volcano, connecting the magma chamber to Earth’s surface. |
| Vent | An opening where molten rock and gas leave a volcano. |
| Lava Flow | The spread of lava as it pours out of a vent. |
| Crater | A bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent. |
| Silica | A material found in magma that forms from the elements oxygen and silicon. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | The mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs that flow down the sides of a volcano when it erupts explosively. |
| Dormant | A sleeping volcano that scientists expect to awaken in the future and become active. |
| Extinct | A dead volcano that is unlikely to ever erupt again. |
| Caldera | The hole left when a volcano collapses. |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano’s opening. |
| Composite Volcano | Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash. |
| Shield Volcano | A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. |
| Volcanic Neck | A land feature that forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and the surrounding rock later wears away. |
| Dike | Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into this landform. |
| Sill | Magma that squeezes between horizontal rock layers hardens to form this land feature. |
| Batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. |
| Divergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. |
| Quiet Eruption | If magma is hot or low in silica, this type of eruption occurs. |
| Explosive Eruption | If magma is high in silica, this type of eruption occurs. |
| Lava Plateau | Repeated floods of lava create this high, level landform. |
Created by:
sciencemonkey21
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