Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EOY Material
Last 1/3 of Animal Behavior
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crypsis | -Type of adaptive coloration -Blending into the background -Facilitates hiding (disruptive coloration (zebras) or countershading (like green caterpillars with white bellies) -masquerade - looking like something inedible (leaf or stick) |
| Mimicry | -Type of adaptive coloration -Resembling a second species with warning coloration (aposematic coloration) -Form of advertisement -2 Types: Batesian & Mullerian |
| Aposematic coloration | Warning coloration Advertises venom/poison to predators (but can also include mimicry by nonvenomous species) |
| Disruptive coloration | Form of crypsis (adaptive coloration) Ex: zebras black/white stripes - easy to see up close but from far away it's difficult to determine the border/edges of the zebra |
| Countershading | Form of crypsis (adaptive coloration) Ex: fish and caterpillars with light underbellies - disrupts shadows and makes it hard for predators to see |
| Masquerade | Form of crypsis (adaptive coloration) Look like something inedible Ex: katydids that look like a leaf or walking stick |
| 2 Types of Mimicry | Batesian - palatable mimics unpalatable Mullerian - Models benefit from looking like each other |
| Batesian Mimicry | Mimic (palatable) benefits from looking like model (unpalatable) Must prove 3 things: Model is unpalatable Mimic is palatable Experience w/ model will influence treatment of mimic |
| Mullerian Mimicry | Models benefit from looking like each other Must prove 3 things: Model 1 is unpalatable Model 2 is unpalatable Experience w/ either will influence treatment of other |
| 2 types of honeybee dances | -Round dance - food sources close to the hive (<15-25 m) No direction or distance, just says "food is nearby, here's the smell) -Wag-tail dance - food sources further from the hive (> 85-100 m) |
| Honeybee round dance | For food sources close to the hive (<15-25 m) No direction or distance, just says "food is nearby, here's the smell) |
| Honeybee wag-tail dance | Food further from hive (sun =reference) Forager dances and wags its abdomen, recruits follow dancer Contains info on direction/distance Sugar conc. influences dance +vigor of dancing Dance is correlated with distance, elements change based on distance |
| Classic fan experiment | Karl vonFrisch "Fan array" of scent plates (equidistant from hive but diff. directions) Bees went to the center plate Proves bees use directional information Wenner has issues with this method |
| Classic step experiment | Karl vonFrisch Linear array of scent plates (same direction but diff. distances from hive) Bees went to the center plate - proves they use distance in their dance Wenner has issues with this method |
| Slope extrapolation | How bees use the sun as a reference as it moves across the sky -Bees take a look at the sun when they return from a flower, measure rate of movement -Proved by Gould |
| Tymbal | Organ on both sides of unpalatable Tiger moths that makes clicks and noises. |
| Why would a moth answer a bat? | 1. Signal jamming (sexy idea) - the sounds mess up the bat's echolocation 2. Scare/startle the bat 3. Acoustic aposematism (acoustic warning) - warn bats the moth is unpalatable |
| How do owls find their food? | Sound localization |
| Humpback whale song | Males sing (like bird song) Last 30+ minutes Have a "signature song" - repeat same themes in same order, whether long or short version Different songs for different oceans Learned, not innate |
| Female preference in whale song | May prefer novelty (helps to explain cultural revolution example - songs catch on and spread across oceans) |
| Infrasound | Sounds below 25 Hz Made by big things (like wind over mountains, thunderstorms, etc.) BIG things make BIG sounds Also elephants, giraffes, alligators, etc. |
| Musth Rumble | Elephant infrasound example ~12 Hz Lowest frequency of any of the calls (bigger males make lower sounds) Tells females male is ready to mate |
| Elephants as Helmholtz resonator | Trunk = top, lungs = bottom Measurements of elephant fit pretty closely with the Helmholtz resonator equation May help to explain how elephants make big noises |
| Homing | Ability to return to your place of origin when displaced |
| Migration | Directed long-distance move from one location to another with a subsequent return to the first |
| Orientation | Directed travel or pointing in a particular direction (requires compass only) |
| Navigation | Long distance movement to a specific target (requires map AND compass) |
| Hierarchy of orientation (homing pigeons) | 1. Landmarks 2. Sun compass 3. Magnetic compass |
| How do birds that fly at night navigate? | Celestial compass -- use the North star and surrounding stars (they move the least) No back up magnetic compass |
| Why do animals migrate? | -Gain access to abundant yet ephemeral food sources (monarchs following milkweed) -Avoid predation at a vulnerable life stage (baby sea turtles) -Escape deteriorating habitats to colonize new ones (locusts in Africa, wildebeasts) |
| How do sea turtle hatchlings find the water? | Light! Blue/violet = most attractive, red/orange = least attractive |
| How do sea turtle hatchlings get off the coast? | They know to go East by using the waves and the vestibular system in their inner ear. Get lost on stormy days with crazy waves. |
| How do hatchlings orient themselves in the open ocean? | Magnetic GPS system -- a MAP! Know the dip angle and strength of field at each point on the map. |
| What happens when the sea turtles leave the gire and head home to mate? | They know how to get home using their map. Imprinted when they were little |
| How might animals measure the magnetic field? (We don't know for sure) | -Electromagnetic induction (fish=conductor, sensory receptors sensitive to current) -Chemical magnetoreception (visual pigments may respond to mag. field - need light) -Biogenic magnetite (neurons sensitive to changes in strength of mag. field) |
| Bertholdia moth | Palatable moth Uses its sound to "signal jam" a bat during its terminal buzz. Prevents the bat from echolocating and finding the moth |
| Townsend's big eared bat | Whispering bat - uses super quiet sounds to echolocate. Bartholdia moth (signal jammer) can't hear the bat, so it doesn't know when to signal jam. BUMMERRRR |
| How do bats "jam" other bats? | Use Sin FM (frequency modulation noise shaped like a sine wave) during another bat's terminal buzz. SinFM sounds like an opera vibrato or ambulance. Fucks up the other bat's echolocation. |
| Why are owl ears at different heights? | To help with sound localization. Right ear lower, points up Left ear higher, points down |
| Which is more important for owls? Sound timing or intensity? | Use timing differences for horizontal Use intensity differences for vertical |
| Why are homing pigeons sensitive to infrasound? | Sensitive to measuring barometric pressure to predict the weather -- helps with flight and such. |
Created by:
dellabiology
Popular Biology sets