Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the circulatory system | To carry oxygen, nutrients, and water to all cells and to remove wastes from cells. |
| What is the function of the digestive system | To extract nutrients and water from food and eliminates waste. To break down nutrients into particles small enough to be transported to the cells through cell membranes |
| What is the function of the excretory system | To remove waste (other than carbon dioxide) from the blood and controls the skinny of water in the body. |
| Which two mechanisms cause food to travel down the body? | Gravity and peristolsis |
| What is physical digestion? | Physical digestion is the act of breaking down food into smaller pieces by 'mechanical' means. Example - chewing |
| What is chemical digestion? | The chemical breakdown of food during the digestion procces. Example - the enzyme amylase, found in saliva breaks down starch into simpler sugars. |
| What is hydrolysis? | Hydrolysis is the reaction used to break down large organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins). Enzymes are needed in the reaction. |
| What does the mouth do in the digestive system? | Chewing (mechanical digestion) Saliva moistens food to make a bolus (partly digested food) for swallowing. Salivary amylase begins chemical digestion of starch. |
| What does the oesophagus do in the digestive system? | A wave of muscle contractions (peristalsis) pushes the bolus into the stomach. |
| What does the stomach do in the digestive system? | Muscular contractions continue mechanical digestion. Acid kills bacteria. Pepsin begins digestion of proteins. |
| What does the duodenum (small intestine) do in the digestive system? | Bile from the liver and gall bladder neutralises acid and emulsifies fats. Pancreatic amylase and lipase digest carbohydrates and fats. Trypsin digests polypeptides to amino acids. |
| What does the illeum (small intestine) do in the digestive system? | Lower half of small intestines aborbs untrients into the blood via the villi. |
| What does the large intestine do? | Water is reclaimed and returned to the blood, leaving semi-solid faeces. This is stored in the rectum. |
| What is egestion? | Faeces (containing undigested food, dead cells and other waste) is forced out of the anus. |
| What is a simple definition of Digestion? | Digestion breaks down large food molecules into small molecules. |
| What happens during Absorption? | Absorption is the uptake of molecules and nutrients into the blood. |
| What happens after molecules and nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream? | Once molecules and nutrients in blood, they are carried to the tissues where they are assimilate - taken in to be used. |
| What is villi? | Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine which absorb the products of digestion. |
| What does large number of villi create? | They creat a huge surface area for absorption of digested food molecules |
| What is the circulatory system? | The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body. |
| What is the heart's job? | To pump things around the body in tubes called blood vessels. |
| What is the different between the right side of the heart and the left side of the heart? | The right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood and is pumped to the lungs. The left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood and is pumped to the body. |
| What is a vein? | A vein brings blood towards the heart |
| What is an artery? | An artery carries blood away from the heart. |
| How many chambers does the heart have? | 4, 2 atria and 2 ventricles |
| What is the first step to how does the heart work? | The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood (from the body and the lungs) flows into the atria. |
| What is the second step to how does the heart work? | The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles. |
| What is the third step to how does the heart work? | The valves close to stop blood flowing blackwards. Also, the ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart to the body and the lungs via arteries. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again fill with blood. |
| What are the 3 types of blood vessels? | arteries, veins, and capillaries. |
| What does an artery have and what does it do? | Arteries have thick muslce to contract and push the blood along and elastic fibres to allow the artery to stretch under pressure. |
| What does a vein have and what does it do? | They have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction and thin muscle and elastic fibres Body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the blood they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel. |
| What does capillaries have and what does it do? | They exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. The wall of a capillary is only once cell thick. The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries. |
| What is a collection of capillaries called? | a capilllary bed |
| What's in blood? | red blood cells, digested food, white blood cells, waste (urea), platelets, hormones, plasma, carbon dioxide, and oxygen |
| What is a red blood cell? | a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus. |
| What do red blood cells contain? | Haemoglobin, a molecule specially design to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. |
| What can red blood cells do that is unique? | They can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries. |
| What does a white blood cell have that red blood cells don't? | a nucleus. White blood cells have very big nuclei. |
| What are the two main types of white blood cells? | lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| What does macrophages (white blood cell) do? | macrophages 'eat' and digest micro-organism |
| What does lymphocytes (white blood cell) do? | Some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. Other lmphocytes make antitoxing to break down poisons. |
| What are platelets? | Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells. They produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot. |
| What is plasma? | A straw-colored liquid that carries the blood cells and platelets which help blood clot. |
| What does plasma contain? | carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and waste materials like urea. |
| What is the function of the excretory system? | to remove waste from the human body, gets rid of nitrogenous waste products of metabolism, including ammonia, urea, and uric acid. |
| What are the organs of the excretory system? | Kidneys, uteters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| Where are the kidneys located? | They are located on both side of the spine between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. |
| Where does blood enter the kidney and leave the kidney? | Blood enters the kidneys through renal arteries and leaves through renal veins. |
| How does waste go from the kidney to the bladder | Tubes called ureters carry waste products from the kindeys to the urinary bladder for storage or for release. |
| Where is urine exprelled? | the urethra |
| What is a ureter? | a tube approximately 6-7 inches long attached to each kidney. |
| What three layers of muscles do ureters make up? | smooth muscle, fibrous tissues, mucous layer |
| What mechanism is used to carry the waste in the ureter? | Peristalsis |
| What is the urinary bladder? | A hollow, muscular organ that stores urine. |
| What holds urine in place in the bladder? | Sphincter muscles |
| How much urine can the bladder hold? | 300 - 400 mL |
| What does the walls of a bladder contain? | Epithelial tissue that stretch to allow the bladder to hold twice its capacity. |
| What is an urethra? | a tube of smooth muscle with a mucous lining that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. |
| What is the female urethra? | a tube that is approximaately 1.5 inches long. It opens through the meatus. |
| What is the male urethra? | a tube that is approximately 8 inches long. Passes through three different regions: prostate gland, membranous portion, and penis |
| What is dialysis? | When blood is removed by a tube and pumped through special tubing that acts like nephrons Tiny pores in tubing allow salts and small molecules to pass through. Wastes diffuse out of blood into fluid-filled chamber allowing purified blood to return to body |
| What is the respiratory system? | Gas exchange, absorbs oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide waste into the air. |
| What is the nervous system? | Observation, though and respons. Controls the other systems. Enables humans to interact with one another and their environment. |
| What is the reproductive system? | Reproduction, enables humans to reproduce, so that the human species can continue. |
| what is the endocrine system? | Hormones, controls things such as growth and feelings through the action of a special family of substances known as hormones. |
| What is the immune system? | Protection, fights infections if deases organisms such as viruses or bacteria invade the body. |
| What is the musculo-skeletal system? | Movement, enables us to stand upright and move about to obtain food and water. Without the action of muscles, food could not be digested, nurtients could not be pumped around the body, wastes could not be expelled and we could not breather |
| What is the definition of an artery? | A tough blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| What is the definition of an atrium? | a blood collection chamber of the heart, located above the ventricle. |
| What is the definition of a body system? | a set of organs that work together to carry out a particular function |
| What is the definition of a capillary? | a very fine blood vessels through which substances diffuse into and out of cells |
| What is the definition of a carbohydrate? | a nutrient in food needed to provide glucose for cellular respiration |
| What is the definition of chemical digestion? | the breakdown of food due to a chemical substance. For example, amylase breaks down starch molecules |
| What is the definition of chyme? | the soup-like mixture that is produced when food is mixed with gastric juices in the stomach |
| What is the definition of deoxygenated blood? | blood that has delivered most of its oxygen to body cells |
| What is the definition of diffusion? | natural particle movement in or out of a cell |
| What is the definition of digestion? | breakdown of food particles into a form that can be absorbed by cell membranes and used by the cells |
| What is the definition of egestion? | elimination of undigested food via the faeces |
| What is the definition of an enzyme? | a chemcial that speeds up chemical reactions |
| What is the definition of fats and oils? | nutrients in food needed to moisten skin; they also provide insulation from the cold and cushion vital organs |
| What is the definition of gastric juice? | a liquid present in the stomach that contains acid, enzymes and other chemicals that help break down proteins |
| What is the definition of a giant molecule? | is formed when hundreds of smaller molecules are joined together |
| What is the definition of Kwashiorkor? | a protein-energy malnutrition caused by lack of protein, especially common after the weaning of babies. |
| What is the definition of mastication? | using the teeth to chew and grind food until it is soft enought to swallow. |
| What is the definition of minerals? | elements found in food, needed for correct functioning of the body |
| What is the definition of nephorn? | filters within the kidney that remove waste products and excess water |
| What is the definition of obesity? | a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the point that it has adverse effects on the body |
| What is the definition of an organism? | a living thing |
| What is the definition of oxygenated blood? | blood that has absorbed oxygen from the lungs |
| What is the definition of peristalsis? | wave-like action of muscles that surround organs such as the oesophagus and intestines, to help push food along. |
| What is the definition of physical digestion? | the breaking down of food particles thourhg a physical process, such as chewing. |
| What is the definition of protein? | a nutrient in food needed for building muscles and other tissues such as hair and fingernails. |
| What is the definition of a stomach ulcer? | the breakdown of stomach tissue due a bacterium removing the mucus lining |
| What is the definition of a vein? | a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| What is the definition of a ventricle? | a chamber of the heart that pumps blood out from it; located below the atria |
| What is the definition of villi? | finger-like projections that line the surface of the small intestine, increasing its surface area so that more nutrients can be absorbed. |
| What is the definition of vitamins? | nutrients in food needed for vital cell functions and help prevent many diseases |
| What is the definition of waste products? | substances produced in the chemical reactions that take place in the cells of an organism. These products are not required and would be toxic if they built up in the cell or its environment. |
| How does our body use carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates include glucose, sugars and starch. These supply us whith glucose, wich is needed for energy |
| Where do carbohydrates come from? | pasta, bread, rice, corn, oats, fruits, potatoes |
| Where are carbohydrates chemically digested? | Digestion of starch starts in the mouth, then continues in the small intestine. Sugar molecules, being much smaller, are broken down into glucose in the small intestine. |
| How does our body use proteins? | Needed for builiding muscles and other tissues such as hair and fingernails. |
| Where do proteins come from? | meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs, nuts, soybeans |
| Where are proteins chemically digested? | Starts in the stomach, then finishes in the small intestine. The protein breaks down into small amino acids. |
| How does our body use fats and oils? | Needed to keep skin supple, help insulate you from the cold and provide protective cushioning of vital organs and joints. Used for food storage and a food source. |
| Where do fats and oils come from? | meats, oily fish, cheese, nuts, olives, avocados, butter, margarine |
| Where are fats and oils chemically digested? | small intestines |
| How does our body use vitamins? | Needed for many vital cell functions and to help prevent many diseases.They include vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. |
| Where do vitamins come from? | Fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains |
| Where are vitamins chemically digested? | These do not need to be broken down. They are just extracted from our food, mostly in the small intestine. Some vitamins are manufactured by bacteria in the large intestine and absorbed through the wall |
| How does our body use minerals? | Elements needed for correct functioning of the body. They include sodium for nerves, calcium for bones and teeth and iron for carrying oxygen around the body. |
| Where do minerals come from? | sodium: salt calcium: milk and cheese iron: meat |
| Where are minerals chemically digested? | Minerals are not broken down. They are absorbed mainly in the small intestine. |
| How does the body use water? | Needed for cells to function and helps in excretion and temperature control |
| Where does water come from? | Drinking water and in many foods |
| Where is water chemically digested? | water is absorbed mainly in the large intestine. |
Created by:
kaylee72sommers
Popular Biology sets