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Science Vocab

TermDefinition
Geology The study of the origin history, structure and processes the shape Earth.
Inner Core A solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the Earth.
Outer Core Earth's outer core is a liquid layer about 2,266 km thick composed of iron and nickle that lies above Earths solid inner core and below its mantle.
Mantle Part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density.
Crust The thinnest layer that we are able to walk on without burning are-self.
Plate Tectonics Is a large scale motion of Earths lithosphere. It builds the concept of the continental drift.
Pangaea The hypothetical landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from about 300 to 200 million years ago.
Continental Drift The lateral movement of continents resulting from the motion of crustal plates.
Divergent Boundries Place where plates move apart from each other.
Convergent Boundries Place where plates collide.
Transform Boundries Place where plates slide past each other.
Wearthing Breaking down lithosphere by wind, ice, plants, animals, and chemical change.
Principle of Uniformity Same process that happen in the past that are still happening today.
Mechanical Weathering The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces.
Chemical Weathering Process that alter mineral composition.
Subsurface The stratum or strata below the surface.
Syncline A downward fold rock structure.
Anticline An upward fold rock structure.
Fault Discontinuity is a volume of rock.
Plateaus An area of relatively level high ground.
Epicenter The point on the surface of the Earth where an earthquake is first felt. Right above the focus.
Focus A crack in Earth's crust where earthquakes occur.
Seismic Wave Wave that travels out from an earthquake.
Primary Wave Fastest wave in the subsurface that moves back and forth causes not a lot of damage.
Secondary Wave Slower wave in the subsurface that moves up & down and side to side/ causes not a lot of damage.
Surface Wave Slowest wave on the surface that moves up & down and side to side/ causes high amount of damage.
Volcano Areas of Earth surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass.
Magma Molten rock force to Earth's surface.
Lava Magma flows onto Earth's surface.
Magma Chamber Body of molten rock deep underground that feeds a volcano.
Vents Cracks in the Earth's crust to opening.
Viscous having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; having a high viscosity
Crater A funnel-shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano
Caldera A large, semicircular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink
Pyroclastic flow Pyroclastic material forms when magma is blasted into the air and hardens
Rock Cycle The series of rock changes from one form to another
Erosion The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
Deposition The process in which material is laid down
Igneous Rock Uplift and erosion expose the igneous rock at the Earth's surface
Sedimentary Rock Rocks fromed through deposition and sediment in layers
Metamorphic Rock Rocks that were once formed and now have changed to another by heat and pressure
IIR Rock formed from the cooling and soldification of magme beneath the earth's surface
EIR Rock that forms as a result of volcanic activities at or near the earth's surface
Strata Layers of the rock
Stratification The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
Created by: Nicholas99
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