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Stack #177124
bio vocab words ch 3 all
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alveoli | air sacs in a lung |
| ammonia | a toxic nitrogen compound (NH3) excreted by some aquatic organisms; thought to have been present in Earth's early atmosphere |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | a hormone released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary (an endocrine gland in the brain); enhances conservation of water by the kidneys |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance over a distance |
| cuticle | the waxy outer layer covering the surfaces of most land-dwelling plants, animals, and fungi |
| cytoplasm | the entire contents of the cell, except the nucleus, bounded by the plasma membrane |
| diffusion | the movement of a substance down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area |
| endocytosis | the cellular uptake of materials in which the plasma membrane surrounds and engulfs extracellular materials |
| facilitated diffusion | the spontaneous passage of molecules and ions, bound to specific carrier proteins, across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients |
| feedback regulation | the regulation of the activity of an enzyme by one of its products |
| glomerular capsule | the cup of a nephron, which filters blood; also called Bowman's capsule |
| glomerulus | a ball of capillaries surrounded by a glomerular capsule in the nephron; the site of filtration in the kidneys |
| glycolipid | a lipid covalently linked to a sugar or polysaccharide; an important part of animal cell membranes |
| glycoprotein | a protein linked to a sugar or polysaccharide; component of receptor molecules on the outer surface of cells |
| homeostasis | the tendency for an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal environment by regulating its metabolism and adjusting to its environment |
| kidney | an organ that regulates water and salt levels, filters water and wastes from the blood, and excretes the end products |
| nephron | the functional unit of a kidney consisting of a glomerulus, its associated capsule, and tubule, surrounded by capillaries |
| osmosis | the movement of water (or another solvent) through a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher concentration of solutes |
| passive transport | the diffusion of a substance through a biological membrane not using ATP also known as energy |
| selectively permeable | of membranes, allowing some substances to cross and preventing others from crossing |
| stomate | the opening between two guard cells in the epidermis of a plant leaf through which gases are exchanged with the air |
| transpiration | the loss of water to the atmosphere by a plant through the stomates in its leaves |
| transport protein | a protein that plays a role in the active or passive movement of specific substances through cell membranes |
| turgor | a cell's swelling against its cell wall caused by the pressure of the cell's contents |
| ureter | a muscular tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | the tube through which urine travels from the bladder to the outside of the body |
| urinary bladder | an organ that stores urine before it is discharged from the body through the urethra |
| urinary system | a vertebrate organ system that regulates levels of water and dissolved substances in the body, excreting wastes as urine |
| urine | the solution of wastes excreted from the kidney |
Created by:
CassTrav
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