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Medical Terminology

Definitions

QuestionAnswer
Hernia A protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
Amniocentesis The withdrawl of fluid from the amnion sac that surrounds the embryo so it can be analyzed.
Streptococcus A berry-shaped bacterium that grows in twisted chains.
Staphylococci A berry-shaped bacterium that grows in small clusters.
Diplococci A berry-shaped bacterium that grows in pairs.
Erythrocites Red blood cells.
Leukocytes White blood cells.
Anemia Literally means no blood, but in medical usage it is a condition of reduction in the number of erythrocyes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood.
Ischemia Literally means to hold back blood. Tissue that becomes ischemic loses it's normal flow of blood and becomes deprived of oxygen.
Laparoscopy The visual examinatin of the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity using a laparoscope.
Amylase Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
Bilirubin Pigment released by the liver in bile.
Cecum First part ofthe large intestine.
Common Bile Duct Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
Deglutition Swallowing.
Duodenum First part of the small intestine.
Glycogen Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
Ileum Third part of the small intestine.
Jejunum Second part of the small intestine.
Lipase Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
Portal Vein Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
Protease Enzymes that digest protein.
Rugae Ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach.
Sigmoid Colon Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
Bowman Capsule Cup shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus.
Calyx or Calix Cup like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
Cortex Outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
Electrolyte A chemical that carries an electrical charge in a solution.
Erythropoietin (EPO) a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells.
Glomerulus Tiny ball of capillaries in the cortex of the kidney.
Hilum Depression or pit in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
Meatus Opening or canal.
Medulla Inner region; the renal medulla is the innter region of the kidney.
Micturition Urination
Nephron The combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion take place in the kidney.
Renal Artery Carries blood to the kidney.
Renal Tubule Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
Renal Vein Carries blood away from the kidney.
Renin An enzymatic hormone produced by the kidney to raise blood pressure by influeincing vasoconstriction.
Trigone Triangular area in the bladder where the utereters enter and the urethra exits.
Urea Major nitrogenous waste producte excreted in urine.
Ureter Tube leading from each kidney to the bladder.
Urethra Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Adnexa Uteri Fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments.
Amnion Inntermost membrane around a developing embryo.
Chorion Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it's part of the placenta.
Endometrium Innter mucous membrane lining the uterus.
Myometrium Muscle layer lining the uterus
Obstetrics Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbrith.
Perineum The area between the anus and vagina.
Created by: kelito
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