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Biology Mod. 6
This is based off of Apologia 2nd edition curiculam! Enjoy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells |
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances |
| Respiration | The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy |
| Biosynthesis | The Process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones |
| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials |
| Egestion | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials |
| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo |
| Reproduction | Producing more cells |
| Cytology | The study of cells |
| Plasma Membrane | The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings |
| Cell wall | A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells |
| Pectin | A carbohydrate that hardens cellulose |
| Pores | The cell wall is full of these small holes |
| Middle Lamella | The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells |
| Secondary Cell Walls | These walls are formed on the inside of the original cell wall and are much more rigid, providing better protection for the contents of the cell |
| Primary Cell Wall | Once the Secondary Cell Walls are formed, the original cell wall is usually referred to as this. |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Ions | Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons |
| Cytoplasmic streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents |
| Mitochondria | The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, and some lipids. |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell |
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes |
| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils |
| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis |
| Stroma | The Fluid that that fills the chloroplast. |
| Central Vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes. |
| Waste Vacuole | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells |
| Phagocytic vacuole | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs |
| Pinocytic vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption or large molecules |
| Secretion vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released |
| Golgi Bodies | The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell |
| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tube like structure |
| Nuclear Membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep it's shape, and aids in movement. |
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell. |
| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton |
| Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |
Created by:
Kayli.RL
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