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CP Chapt 4
Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | smallest unit that can perform all life processes covered by a membrane and contains DNA and cytoplasm |
| what are the 3 parts of the cell theory? | 1. all living things are made up of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of life 3. cells only come from existing cells |
| Plasma Membrane | Cells outer boundary and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell |
| Cytoplasm | the "goo" inside the cell - it includes all the organelles of the cell except the nucleus |
| Cytosol | the inside "goo" surrounding all the organelles of the cell |
| Nucleus | the control center in an Eukaryotic cell |
| Prokaryote | cells without a nucleus and no membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle |
| Organelle | part of a cell that performs specific functions for a cell |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells working together |
| Organ | Groups of tissues that work together |
| Organ system | Group of organs that work together |
| What molecules makes up the membrane | phospholipids and proteins |
| Chromosome | Structures in nucleus made of DNA and protein |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane that surrounds the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | part of eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomes and ribosomal RNA are created |
| Ribosome | organelles that makes protein |
| Mitochondrion | a membrane bound organelles that makes ATP (energy) |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | makes proteins, lipids and other materials. The rough ER has ribosomes within it and the smooth ER doesn't |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies many cellular products and prepares them for export around or out of the cell |
| Lysosome | Vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes. Cleans out the cell (hint- think lysol) |
| Cytoskeleton | made of protein fibers that help cells move and maintain shape |
| Microtubule | part of the cytoskeleton |
| Microfilament | part of the cytoskeleton |
| Cilia | hairlike structures that act like rows pushing the cell around |
| Flagella | long tail like structures that move some cells around (like the tail of a sperm cell) |
| Centriole | organelle only in animal cells that helps with cell division (mitosis) |
| Cell Wall | surrounds cell membrane and supports cell - only in plants and bacteria |
| Central Vacuole | fluid filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, and wastes. Plant cells have a much larger vacuole than animal cells. |
| Choroplast | organelle where plants do photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment in the chloroplast of plant cells- it captures sunlight for photosynthesis |
| What are the two examples of prokaryotic cells? | bacteria and archaebacteria |
| what are the 4 example of eukaryotic cells? | protists, animals, plants and fungi |
| Who is robert hooke? | the man that named the dead cork he was looking at- cells |
| Who was leewenhoek? | the first man to look at living cells under the microscope |
| what are the 3 main types of microscopes | simple (one lens), compound (multiple lens), and electron (magnifies things up to 1 million times their size) |
| peroxisome | organelle that breaks down fats |
| nuclear pore | holes in the nuclear envelope that let RNA leave the nucleus and go into the rest of the cell |
| which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic | the tails- that is why they face each other when they make a bilayer |
| which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic | the head- they face watery areas. The insides of cells can be watery and the cell's outside environment can also be watery. |
| Not all cells are small but most are microscopic. Why are most microscopic? | if cells get too big (large volume) their surface area will be too small so nutrients wont be able to diffuse through them. |
| cells must have a large _________ to __________ ratio. | large surface area to volume ratio |
| what does it mean to have a large surface area to volume ratio? | it means the cell has enough surface area to allow nutrients to get through the whole volume of the cell |
| which organ in the human body has a large surface area to volume ratio? | the small intestines. it's surface area can stretch around a tennis court yet it fits inside a human body when it is folded. |
| since the membrane phospholipids are constantly moving around scientists say the bilayer is | fluid |
| since the cell membrane has both phospholipids and proteins scientists say the bilayer is | mosaic (many parts) |
| the cell membrane is called a ______ _______ model | fluid mosaic |
| what are vesicles | membrane sacs that move substances around the cell |
| which organelle helps detoxify the body of alcohol and toxins | the smooth ER |
| do prokaryotes like bacteria have DNA? | yes |
| what is a membrane bound organelle | a part of the cell that has a membrane |
| give examples of membrane bound organelles (only in eukaryotic cells) | nucleusm mitochondria, choloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, lysosome |
| where can you find ribosomes in the cell | attached to the rough ER or freely floating in the cytoplasm |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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