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Enzymes Bio 12 A.R
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation energy | The amount of energy that is required by a reaction in order for it to take place. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction |
| Biochemical reaction | A chemical reaction involving molecules form one of the four classes of macro-molecules. Typically, these reactions are either hydrolytic (catabolic) or synthesis (anabolic) in nature. |
| Co-enzyme | organic complex, containing vitamins that assist enzymatic function. Co-enzymes either accept or contribute ions to the reactions. Without available co-enzymes and particles the reactions will stop. |
| Competitive inhibitor | substrate-like molecule that can occupy an active site and prevent the substrate from forming to the activated-enzyme substrate complex with the enzyme |
| Enzyme | type of protein that has the ability to change another molecule, called a substrate, through its physical associations with it. Enzymes have a region called an active site that has a particular conformation into which the substrate will fit |
| Enzyme activity | the activity of an enzyme will constitute one step in a metabolic process. The ability of the enzyme to work properly depends on the conditions; temperature and pH, these effect the active site's shape |
| Enzyme concentration | can affect the rate of product formation during an enzymatic reaction. The higher the concentration of enzymes, the higher the rate |
| Heavy metal | ions such as lead and mercury that influence enzyme function because of their large positively charged nuclei. When in close proximity to an enzyme, heavy metal ions can disturb the normal electron arrangement and cause denaturation |
| Induced fit model | a concept that uses the dynamic shapes of molecules to help explain enzyme function. |
| Metabolism | the chemical activities of a cell that are controlled by enzymes |
| Non-competitive inhibitor | a chemical substance that prevents an enzyme from functioning by affecting its shape. Work by bonding onto the enzyme in some spot other than the active site, which promotes a shape change to the enzymes. |
| pH | a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution (acidic, neutral, basic) ( 1-6.9, 7, 7.1-14) |
| Proteins | a polymer of amino acids; a polypeptide with a specific function |
| Substrate | a reactant in an enzymatic reaction |
| Substrate concentration | relative amount of substrate molecules in the solution where an enzymatic reaction occurs - has a impact on the rate of product formation |
| Thyroid | gland located on the neck region which produces thyroxin and requires large quantities of iodine |
| Thyroxin | a hormone that accelerates cellular metabolism |
| Vitamins | a chemical substance that assists enzyme function. There are different types of vitamins, (A, B, C ect). Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and the rest are water-soluble |
Created by:
arolston
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