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Bio chap. 8
Energy and Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Is the basic energy source used by all types of cells. |
| How does ATP release and store energy | By breaking and reforming the bonds between its phosphate groups. |
| Heterotrophs | Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things. Plants or animals |
| Autotrophs | Organisms that make their own food. They often use light energy from the sun. |
| Photosynthesis | process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy to produce high energy carbs (sugar and starches) that can be used as food. water and carbon dioxide (reactants) are used to convert into sugar and oxygen (products) |
| Pigments | light absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. There are two types chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. |
| Thylakoid | saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts |
| Stroma | the fluid portion of the chloroplast, outside the thylakoid |
| Electric carrier | is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule. |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) | carrier molecule that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| Light dependent reactants | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH. These reactions take place within the thylakoids. |
| What is needed in light dependent reactions | Water |
| What is released as a byproduct of a light dependent reaction | Oxygen |
| Photosystems | Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids |
| What do photosystems absorb and, in turn, generate | sunlight and high energy electrons |
| Electron transport chain | a series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions |
| ATP synthase | cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through it. |
| Calvin Cycle | light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar. |
| Who is the Calvin Cycle named after | Melvin Calvin |
| What are the 3 factors that effect photosynthesis | temperature, light intensity and availability of water |
| The reactions of photosynthesis are made possible by enzymes that function best at what temperature | O-35 c |
| What two plants have biochemical adaptations that minimize water loss while still allowing photosynthesis that take place in intense sunlight | C4 & CAM |
| When do CAM plants admit air into their leaves | night |
| Why is it called a C4 plant | The first compound formed in the pathway contains 4 carbon atoms |
Created by:
Conorjc
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