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Geology-NMJC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the process whereby rock is worn smooth by the impact of sediment transporting by running water, glaciers, waves or wind. | Abrasion |
| What is a cone shaped accumulation of mostly sand and gravel deposited where a stream flows from a mountain valley onto and adjacent lowland? | Alluvial fan |
| What is a crescent shaped sand dune with its painting downwind? | Barchan dune |
| What is the removal of sediment and soil by wind? | Deflation |
| What is any area that receives less than 25 cm of rain per year and that has a evaporation rate? | Desert |
| What is the wind removes of the fine grained material from the surface, the effects of gravity and occasional heavy rain, and even the swelling of clay grains, rearrange the remaining course particles into mosaic of close-fitting rocks? | Desert pavement |
| What is a mound or ridge of wind deposited sand? | dune |
| What is the insolated, highly resistant, steep-sided blocks of rock (often mountain-sized.) | Inselberg |
| What is the wind-blown deposit of silt and clay? | loess |
| What is a long ridge of sand generally parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind? | Longitudinal dune |
| What is a crescent shaped dune with its tips pointing upwind? | Parabolic dune |
| What is the gently sloping bedrock surfaces that slope away from desert mountains. Often covered by alluvial fans and bajacdas? | pediment |
| What are adjacent fans that have grown together? | bajada |
| What are temporary lake mallow area, like the middle of a graben, shallow, high evaporation, salty. (evaporates forms.)? | Playa lake |
| What are shaped-like deposits from sub-glacial streams? | esker |
| What is the glacier's behavior depends on the balance between accumulations and wastage (melting) + and - budgets results in advance of the terminus, respectively? | Glacial budget |
| What is the general termforal glacial deposits like erratic-huge derived from distant resource areas, transported to their current location by glaciers two types of drift. | Glacial drift |
| What are masses of ice which move over land by plastic flow and basal slip? | Glacier |
| What is created by some of the worlds most spectacular waterfalls? | Hanging valley |
| What is a pyramid-shaped peak left when headward erosion takes place by at least 3 glaciers in the same peak>? | horn |
| What are sediments deposited directly by glacial ice poorly sorted? | Till |
| What is one of the most distinctive features of valley glaciation, mountains valley eroded by glaciers(running water) are typically v-shaped in cross section that has valley walls that descend to a narrow valley bottom? | U-Shaped Glacial Trough |
| What is a glacier confined to a mountain valley or an interconnected system of mountains valleys? | Valley Glacier |
| What is the upper part of the glacier, where the snow over is year-round? | Zone of Accumulation |
| What is the lower part where losses exceed gains? | Zone of Wastage |
| What is the storage area in sediment for water? | Aquifer |
| What is a confined ground water system with high hydrostatic pressure that causes water to rise above the level of the aquifer? | Artesian System |
| What is a natural surface opening generally connected to the surface and large enough for a person to enter? | cave |
| What is a cone-shaped depression around a well where water is pumped from an aquifer faster that it can be replaced? | Cone of Depression |
| What is a hot spring that periodically ejects hot water and steam? | Geyser |
| What is the underground water stored in the pores spaces of soil, sediment, and rock? | Ground water |
| What is a term referring to hot water in hot springs and geysers? | hydrotermal |
| What is the term of simple karst develops largely by groundwater erosion in many areas underlain by soluble rocks? | Karst topography |
| What is a material's capacity to transmit fluids? | permeability |
| What is the % of materials total volume that is pore space? | porosity |
| What is mere sink mark areas with underlying soluble rock? | Sinkhole |
| What is a place where ground water flows or seeps out of the country rock? | spring |
| What is the surface separating the zone of saturation (in which pores are filled with water) from the overlying zone of aeration(in which pores are filled with air and water)? | Water Table |
| What is the zone above of water table that contains both water within the pore spaces of soil, sediment, or rock? | Zone of Aeration |
| What is the area below the water table in which all pore spaces are filled with water? | Zone of Saturation |
| What is the granular snow formed by partial melting and refreezing of snow; transitional material between snow and glacier? | firn |
| What is the cave feature that is created by water saturated with (CaCO3) that drips to the floor depositing a thin layer of CaCo3 that builds upwards?(calico carbonated) | Stalagmites |
| What is a cave feature that is like a straw that is hollow to the center allowing water to flow through? | Soda Straws |
| What is it when a stalagmite and stalagtite grow together? | Columns |
| What is the general term for all glacial deposits? | Glacial Drift |
| What are huge boulders derived from distant source areas, transported to their current location by glaciers? | Erratics |
| What are sediments deposited directly by glacial ice poorly sorted? | Till |
| What is sediments deposited by running water, usually in brained streams well sorted? | Strained Drift |
| What percent of the worlds supply of fresh water? | 22% |
| What size material is frequently carried as suspended load by wind? | Silt and clay-sized particles constitude most of wind's suspended load. *Bed load is the material that is too large or heavy to carried in suspension by water or wind. *Particles are moved by saltation, rolling, or sliding. |
| What is the most effective agent of erosion in desserts? | Water |
| By what two processes does wind erode? | Wind erodes material by either abrasion( the impact of saltation or deflation(desert pavement) |
| What is porosity? | Is the % of the material's total volume that is pore space. |
| What is permeability? | A material's capacity to transmit fluids.(is depend not only on porosity, but also on the size of the pores or fractures on their interconnections) |
| What is aquifer? | Storage area in sediment for water. |
| What are the 2 types of glacier and how do they differ? | Valley glacier and continental glacier. Valley G. are typically much smaller than continental g. and Valley glacier created spectacular scenary, and flow from higher to lower elevations. Continental g. flow outward in all directions from zone of acc. |
| What are ventifacts? | Are a common product of abrasion; these are stones whose surfaces have been polished pitted,grooved, or faceted by the wind. forming a flat surface. |
| What is yardangs? | Are larger features than ventifacts, and also result from wind erosion. They are enlongated, streamlined ridges that look like an overtuned ship's hull . Y. are founded in clusters aligned parallel to the prevailing wids. |
| What is deflatation? | Another important mechanism of wind erosion. Is the removal of loose surface sediment by wind. The result is desert pavement. |
| Describe what happends when deflatation occurs? | Features of deflatation in many arid and semiarid region are: deflatation hallows(when the low area , between 2 sand dunes in Death valley and ca.)(when loose surface sediment is differentialy removed by wind). or blow outs, or desert pavements. |
| A layer of Earth materials that inhibit the movement of grand water is: | Aquiclude |
| What features typically of areas of Karst topography? | Erosion of soluble rock by groundwater produces K. top. The features are; solution valley, springs, sinkholes, disappearing streams. Deeply entrenched permanent streams. |
| Silt and Clay sized sediment in deserts is moved by what? | Suspended Load. |
| Larger particles are moved along the groud . Sediments toolarge or heavy to be carried in suspension by water or wind are moved by what? | Bed load |
| What will move sand size particles? | Most sand is moved the grond surface by saltation. |
| Which of the following conditions must exist for an artesian system to form? | An artesian system must have an aquifer confined above and bellow by aquicludes, the aquifer must be exposed at the surface, and the aquifer must be exposed at the surface, and the rock units are typically titled to build hydrostatic pressure . |
| A glacially transported boulder now resting in an area for from its sources is called what? | Erratics |
| Glacier moves mostly by what means? | Plastic Flow |
| What sorts of erosion will occur whith a glacier? | Blucking and abrasion. Brucking occurs as a glacier flows over bedrock softening and lifting blocks or rocks that are brought into the ice. |
| What are the features that form as a glacier both sours the rock and pulls pieces away? | Cirque, torn, horn, arête, and roche moutonnee. |
| What kind of glacial valley landforms are there? | Valley glaciers that flow into the sea are called tide water glaciers, continental glaciers, Ice shelves, and Ice caps. |
| Most sand is moved by wind due to or by? | Saltation |
| What are the types of dunes? | Barchan, longitudinudal, transverse, parabolic, and star |
| How the dunes form? | They form when wind flows over and around an obstruction, resulting in the deposition of sand grains, wich accumulate and build up a deposit of sand. |
| What the dunes look like? | Gentle wind word slope. Steeper, slope that sinclined in the direction of the prevailing wind. Dunes migrate by sand moving up and over the gentle windword slope by saltation and accumulating and sliding down the windward side. |
| What is a desert? | Any area that receives less than 25 cm of rain per year that has a high evaporation rate. |
| What are the characteristics of a desert? | High temperatures, Little precipitation, and a sparce plan cover. |
| How is the material transported in the desert? | By wind and water as suspended Load, bed loads, and saltation |
| How do you calculate gradient? | Changing elevation/distance= 1000/250+150+100= 1000m/500km= 2m/km. |
| What is discharge? | Total volume of water in a stream moving past a particular point in a given amount of time.(m3/s) |
| Include the formula of discharge? | Q=V.A Q= discharge V=is flow velocity A=cross-sectional of the channel. |
| What features do you find along and around a Meandaring Stream? | Semicircular cross-section along straight reaches. Acimetric , and Diagrammatic. |
Created by:
vacosta
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