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chapter 6 vocab

vocab

TermDefinition
atom building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons
compound pure substance with unique properties, formed when two or more different electrons combine
covalent bond type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons
electron negatively charge particle that occupier space around an atom's nucleus
element pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance physical or chemical needs
ion atom that is negatively or positively charged because is has lost or gained one more elections
ionic bond electrical attraction between two oppositely charge atoms or groups of atoms
isotope two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers or neutrons
molecule compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds
neutron particle without a charge in a atom's nucleus
nucleus center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons
proton positively charge particle i an atom's nucleus.
van der Waals force attractive forces between molecules
active site specific place where a substrate binds on an ensyme
catalyst substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy
chemical reaction energy requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances
enzyme protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction
product substance formed by a chemical reactions, located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation
reactant substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation
substrate reactant to which an enzyme binds
acid substance the releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, an acidic solution has a pH less than 7
base substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, a basic solution has a pH greater than 7
buffer mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range
hydrogen bond weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom
mixture combination of two or more different substance in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition or have distinct areas of substances
pH measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a soultion
polar molecure molecule with oppositely charged regions
solute substance dissolved in a solvent
solution homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)
solvent substance in which another substance is dissolved
amino acid carbon compound joined by peptide bond; building block of proteins
carbohydrate organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom
lipid hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waves of lipids
macromolecule large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
nucleic acid complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information
nucleotide a submit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
polymer large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical or nearly identical compound linked by covalent bonds
protein organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms
activation energy minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to from products in a chemical reaction
Created by: mrcrossno
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