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Chapter 6

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Atom- pg 148 Building block of matter, contains subatomic particles- neutrons, protons, & electrons
Compound- pg 151 Pure substance with unique properties formed when two or more different elements combine.
Covalent Bond- pg 152 Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
Electron- pg 148 Negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus.
Element- pg 149 Pure substance composed of only one type of atom' cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.
Ion - pg 153 Atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.
Ionic Bond- pg 153 Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.
Isotope- pg 150 Two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
Molecule- pg 152 Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
Neutron- pg 148 Particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus.
Nucleus- pg 148 center of an atom contains neutrons & protons
Proton- pg 148 Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
Van der Waals Force- pg 155 Attractive forces between molecules.
Activation Energy- pg 158 Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
Active Site- pg 160 Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme.
Catalyst- pg 159 Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.
Chemical Reaction- pg 156 Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances.
Enzyme- pg 159 Protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
Product- pg 157 Substance formed by a chemical reaction located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Reactant- pg 157 Substance that exist before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Substrate- pg 160 Reactant to which an enzyme binds.
Acid- pg 164 Substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7.
Base- pg 164 Substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7.
Buffer- pg 165 Mixture that can react with an acid or a vase to maintain the pH within a specific range.
Hydrogen Bond- pg 161 Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom & an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom.
Mixture- pg 163 Combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition or have distinct areas of substances.
pH- pg 165 Measure of the Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Polar Molecule- pg 161 Molecule with oppositely charged regions.
Solute- pg 163 Substance dissolved in a solvent.
Solution- pg 163 Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance is dissolved in another substance.
Solvent- pg 163 Substance in which another substance is dissolved.
Amino Acid- pg 170 Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins.
Carbohydrate- pg 168 Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen & two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
Lipid- pg 169 Hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon & hydrogen; fats, oils, & waxes are lipid.
Macromolecule- pg 167 Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Nucleic Acid- pg 171 Complex macromolecule that stores & communicates genetic information.
Nucleotide- pg 171 A subunit of nucleic acid formed form a simple sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogenous base.
Polymer- pg 167 Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covenant bonds.
Protein- pg 170 Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms.
Created by: Emeraldhope
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