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chapter 6 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom - pg 148 | The building blocks of matter. |
| compound - pg 151 | A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. |
| covalent bond - pg 152 | The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. |
| electron - pg 148 | Negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus. |
| element - pg 149 | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. |
| ion - pg 153 | An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons. |
| ionic bond - pg 153 | An electric attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
| isotope - pg 150 | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. |
| molecule - pg 152 | A compound in which the atoms are held together by convalent bonds. |
| neutron - pg 148 | Particles that have no charge |
| nucleus - pg 148 | The center of an atom |
| proton - pg 148 | positively charged particles |
| van der Waals force - pg 155 | Attractions between the molecules |
| activation energy - pg 158 | The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| active site - pg 160 | The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. |
| catalyst - pg 159 | a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| chemical reaction - pg 156 | The process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. |
| enzyme - pg 159 | the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes. |
| product - pg 157 | the substance formed during the reaction |
| reactant - pg 157 | The starting substance |
| substrate - pg 160 | The reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| acid - pg 164 | Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| base - pg 164 | Substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved into water. |
| buffer - pg 165 | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the ph within a particular range. |
| hydrogen bond - pg 161 | a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. |
| mixture - pg 163 | a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics. |
| pH - pg 165 | The measur of concentration of h+ in a solution. |
| polar molecule - pg 161 | meaning that they have oppositely charged regions. |
| solute - pg 163 | The substance that is dissolved in the solvent. |
| solution - pg 163 | another name for a homogeneous mixture. |
| solvent - pg 163 | a substance in which another substance is dissolved. |
| amino acid - pg 170 | Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen hydrogen and sometimes sulfur. |
| carbohydrate - pg 168 | Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. |
| liquid - pg 169 | molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up fats, oils, and waxes. |
| macromolecule - pg 167 | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| nucleic acid - pg 171 | Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information |
| nucleotide - pg 171 | Smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms. |
| polymer - pg 167 | molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers. |
| protein - pg 170 | a compound made of small caubon compounds called amino acid. |
Created by:
rebekahjaco
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