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Chapter 6 Vocab.

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Atom Building block of matter; contains subatomic particle-neutrons, proton, and electrons.
Compound Pure substance with unique proprieties; formed when two ro more different elements combine.
Covalent Bond Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
Electron Negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus.
Element Pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.
Ion Atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.
Ionic Bond Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.
Isotope Two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
Molecule Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
Neutron Particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus.
Nucleus Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons.
Proton Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
Van Der Waals Force Attractive forces between molecules.
Activation Energy Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
Active Site Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme.
Catalyst Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.
Chemical Recation Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances.
Enzyme Protein that speed up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction
Product Substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Reactant Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Substrate Reactant to which an enzyme binds.
Acid Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7.
Base Substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7.
Buffer Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range.
Hydrogen Bond Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom.
Mixture Combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps it individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition (homogeneous) or have distinct areas of substances (heterogeneous).
pH Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
Polar Molecule Molecule with oppositely charged regions.
Solute Substance dissolved in a solvent.
Solution Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).
Solvent Substance in which another substance is dissolved.
Amino Acid Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins.
Carbohydrate Organic compound contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
Lipid Hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils and waxes are lipids.
Macromolecule Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Nucleic Acid Complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information.
Nucleotide Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome.
Polymer Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds.
Protein Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block or organisms.
Created by: analizagarza
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