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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
atom - pg 148 building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons.
compound - pg 151 pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine.
covalent bond - pg 152 type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
electron - pg 148 negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus.
element - pg 149 pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.
ion - pg 153 atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.
ionic bond - pg 153 electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.
isotope - pg 150 two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
molecule - pg 152 is a compound in which the atoms are held together by colvalent bonds.
neutron - pg 148 particle without a charge in an atom's nuclues.
nucleus - pg 148 Neturtons and protons are located at the center of the atom.
proton - pg 148 are positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus.
van der Waals force - pg 155 attractice forces between molecules.
activation energy - pg 158 The minimum amount of energy needed fr reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
active site - pg 160 The specitic location where a substrate binds on an enyme.
catalyst - pg 159 is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
chemical reaction - pg 156 is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
enzyme - pg 159 protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
product - pg 157 substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
reactant - pg 157 substance that exits before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
substrate - pg 160 The reactants that bind to the enzyme.
acid - pg 164 substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
base - pg 164 Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH) when dissolved in water.
buffer - pg 165 are mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range.
hydrogen bond - pg 161 is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.
mixture - pg 163 is a combinatin of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties.
pH - pg165 The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution.
polar molecule - pg 161 molecule with oppositely charged regions.
solute - pg 163 is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
solution - pg 163 is another name for a homogeneous mixture.
solvent - pg 163 is a substance in which another substance is dissolved.
amino acid - pg 170 are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
carbohydrate - pg 168 Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
liquid - pg 169 are molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes.
macromolecule - pg 167 are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
nucleic acid - pg 171 are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.
nucleotide - pg 171 nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.
polymer - pg 167 large molecule formed from smaller reapeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds.
protein - pg 170 is a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids.
Created by: IsabelVargas21
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