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chapter 6 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | building block of matter |
| compound | pure substance with unique properties |
| covalent bond | type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus |
| element | pure substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| ionic bond - pg 153 | electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
| isotope | two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons |
| molecule | compound whose atoms are held together by colvalent bonds |
| neutron | particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus |
| nucleus | center of an atom , containing neutrons and protons |
| proton | positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
| van der Waals force | attractive forces between molecules |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| active site | specific place where a substance binds on an enzyme |
| catalyst | substance that speeds us a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy |
| chemical reaction | energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances |
| enzyme | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
| product | substance formed by a chemical reaction |
| reactant | substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts |
| substrate | reactant to which an enzyme binds |
| acid | substance that releases |
| base | substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| buffer | mixture that can react |
| hydrogen bind | weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen , fluorine, or nitrogen atom |
| mixture | combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics |
| ph | measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| polar molecule | molecule with oppositely charged regions |