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Chapter 6 vocab
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atoms | the building blocks of matter. |
| nucleus | center of the atom |
| proton | positively charged particles |
| neutron | particles that have no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particles |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. |
| covalent bond | chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared |
| molecule | a compound in which that atoms are held together by covalent bonds. |
| ion | atom that has lost or gained or or more electrons |
| ionic bond | an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. |
| van der Waals force | attractions between molecules |
| chemical reaction | the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances |
| reactants | starting substance |
| products | the substances formed during the reaction |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| catalyst | a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes. |
| substrate | reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| active site | specific location where a substance binds on an enzyme. |
| polar molecules | molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges |
| hydrogen bond | a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties |
| solution | another name for a homogeneous mixture |
| solvent | s substance in which another substance dissolved |
| soute | the substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| acid | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| base | substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| pH | the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| buffer | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range. |
| macroeconomics | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| polymers | molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds |
| carbohydrate | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
| lipid | molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes. |
| protein | a compound made of small carbon compounds |
| amino acid | small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| nucleic acid | complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. |
| nucleotide | Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms. |
Created by:
homerogonzalez
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